The realization of high-performance electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbing materials is particularly dependent on the regulation of interface structures, and the construction of multi-component heterogeneous interfaces is an effective strategy to achieve high-performance EMW absorption in materials. In this study, a three-dimensional flower-like ZnS/Co1 -x S@C composite material was prepared by hydrothermal method, stepwise gas-phase selenization, and gas-phase sulfidation processes. The formation of multiple heterogeneous interfaces through stepwise gas-phase selenization and sulfidation enhanced the interface polarization ability of the material and significantly improved the electromagnetic wave loss efficiency. The results show that the ZnS/Co1 -x S@C composite material has excellent EMW absorption performance, with a minimum reflection loss (RLmin ) of -53.75 dB at 3.4 mm and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth (EABmax ) of 7.28 GHz at 3.2 mm. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations verified that the built-in electric field constructed at the heterogeneous interface strengthened the interface polarization loss. Meanwhile, the radar cross-section (RCS) simulation further demonstrated that the material has good electromagnetic stealth properties, providing a new idea for the research on the construction of multiple heterogeneous interface sulfide composites. (c) 2026 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The editorial office of Journal of Materials Science & Technology.
We study sufficient conditions for the generic rigidity of a graph G expressed in terms of (i) its minimum degree δ(G), or (ii) the parameter η(G)=min_uv∉ E(°(u)+°(v)). For each case, we seek the smallest integers f(n,d) (resp. g(n,d)) such that every n-vertex graph G with δ(G)≥ f(n,d) (resp. η(G)≥ g(n,d)) is rigid in ℝ^d. Krivelevich, Lew, and Michaeli conjectured that there is a constant K>0 such that f(n,d)≤n/2+Kd for all pairs n,d. We give an affirmative answer to this conjecture by proving that K=1 suffices. For n≥ 29d, we obtain the exact result f(n,d)=⌈n+d-2/2⌉. Next, we prove that g(n,d)≤ n+3d for all pairs n,d, and establish g(n,d)=n+d-2 when n≥ d(d+2). For d=2,3, we determine the exact values of f(n,d) and g(n,d) for all n, confirming another conjecture of Krivelevich, Lew, and Michaeli in these low-dimensional special cases. As an application, we prove that the Erdős-Rényi random graph G(n,1/2) is a.a.s. rigid in ℝ^d for d=d(n)∼7/32 n. This result provides the first linear lower bound for d(n), and it answers a question of Peled and Peleg.
Given a graph F, an r-uniform hypergraph H is a Berge-F if there is a bijection ϕ:E(F)→E(H) such that e⊆ϕ(e) for each e∈E(F). Given a family F of r-uniform hypergraphs, an r-uniform hypergraph is F-free if it does not contain any member of F as a subhypergraph. The Turán number of F is the maximum number of hyperedges in an F-free r-graph on n vertices. Let Ms+1 denote a matching of size s+1, i.e., the graph consisting of s+1 independent edges. Khormali and Palmer [European J. Combin. 102 (2022) 103506] completely determined the Turán number of Berge matchings for sufficiently large n. Subsequently, Kang, Ni, and Shan [Discrete Math. 345 (2022) 112901] determined the exact value of the Turán number of Berge-Ms+1 for all n when r≤s−1 or r≥2s+2. In this paper, we settle the final open case s≤r≤2s+1, thereby completing the determination of the Turán number of Berge matchings.
Achieving an excellent strength-ductility synergy remains a central challenge for metastable face-centered cubic (FCC) high-entropy alloys (HEAs). In this study, a thermomechanical processing route consisting of warm rolling followed by annealing was employed to introduce pre-designed defect architectures into two metastable HEAs: a transformation-induced plasticity Cr20 Mn20 Fe20 Co34.5 Ni5 C0.5 HEA and a transformation- and twinning-induced plasticity Cr20 Mn20 Fe20 Co34 Ni5 C1 HEA. This processing produces unrecrystallized microstructures containing high densities of nano-twins and dislocations, leading to substantial yield strength enhancement while retaining good ductility compared with fully recrystallized counterparts. The C1 HEA achieves a higher yield strength of 1174 MPa with a total elongation of 22.2 %, whereas the C0.5 HEA exhibits a lower yield strength of 894 MPa but a higher total elongation of 31.9 %. Differences in mechanical response are associated with distinct deformation-induced microstructural evolution during tensile loading. In the C0.5 HEA, a higher fraction of deformation-induced martensite with multiple variants is developed, whereas in the C1 HEA, the transformation is more limited and predominantly involves single-variant martensite, which is associated with lower strain hardenability. These results demonstrate that tailoring defect structures via thermomechanical processing provides an effective pathway for optimizing the strength-ductility synergy in metastable FCC HEAs. (c) 2026 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The editorial office of Journal of Materials Science & Technology.
A network’s reliability is closely tied to its fault tolerance. When a connected network is fragmented by vertex failures, an increase in the number of small components aggravates network fragmentation and reduces reachability, thereby degrading fault tolerance. Thus, analyzing the abundance and structure of small components provides a useful measure of network reliability. This paper focuses on all possible structures of small components in an arbitrary regular interconnection network G after removing at most κr(G)−1 vertices, where κr(G) is the r-extra connectivity of G. Applying the results, we study the component reliability of (n, k)-bubble-sort network Bn,k and (n, k)-star network Sn,k. Besides, we propose an algorithm for calculating the minimum size of neighborhood of all small components by using Bn,k and Sn,k as application cases. Moreover, we verify the availability and effectiveness of the algorithm by conducting simulation experiments and analyzing their performance.
