The Orthopaedic Research Society (ORS) is a professional, scientific, and medical organization focused on orthopaedic research. The stated mission of the ORS is to advance orthopaedic research through education, collaboration, communication, and advocacy. The ORS aims to raise resources for orthopaedic research and increase the awareness of the impact of such research on patients and the public.The Journal of Orthopaedic Research and JOR Spine are the official journals of ORS.
Bone is a lightweight structure that adapts in time to support habitual loads through a dense cortical shell and an intricate trabecular network to best support daily loads while minimizing weight. The present project aimed at understanding the contribution to support of cortical and trabecular bone structures using high-resolution images of human femurs, microstructural finite-element modelling and bone loads caused by physical activity. This information can be used to advance methods for the early diagnosis of patients most at risk for fracture, to develop targeted exercise interventions for bone health and to optimize the design of orthopaedic devices.
Museum personnel and the general public have become quite familiar with the presence of shrunken heads in museum collections, but the procedures to authenticate the history and origin of these unique cultural items are not yet reliable. These shrunken heads, called tsantsas, are meant to be the cultural material remains of ceremonies conducted by the Shuar and Achuar Peoples of South America. This project seeks to integrate the use of micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scanning with methods used in previous studies (clinical computed tomography (CT) and visual inspections) to examine authentication procedures of shrunken heads (tsantsas) held in contemporary museum collections. We use a correlative tomographic approach using several scans at successively higher resolutions to determine whether a tsantsa was created from human remains, and if so, what key features can best contribute to its authentication. Conclusively, our correlative tomographic approaches provide new insights into the determination process of whether a tsantsa was created from real human remains or not. Also, this study questions whether the previously conceptualized dichotomy of ceremonial or commercial might be better thought of as a continuum of practice. Investigating and redefining the examination and authentication procedures of tsantsas is crucial for future ethical curation, management, and repatriation efforts of this unique cultural material of the Shuar and Achuar Peoples.
The dynamic nature of advocacy presents a challenge for evaluators to rigorously assess cause‐and‐effect relationships linking advocacy efforts to policy change. Contribution analysis, developed by Dr. John Mayne, offers a nonexperimental impact evaluation method for testing and validating contribution claims in a policy context with multiple actors and influences. Using two case examples, the authors share how they applied the steps of contribution analysis to determine with greater confidence the extent to which an initiative or campaign contributed to a policy outcome. The authors provide observations and tips for advocacy and policy evaluators on how to create a succinct, evidence‐based story about the contribution claim and how coalitions can use these stories to inform strategic decision‐making.
Organ segmentation in medical imagery can be used to guide patient diagnosis, treatment and follow ups. In this paper, we present a fully automatic framework for kidney segmentation with convolutional networks (ConvNets) in contrast-enhanced computerised tomography (CT) scans. In our approach, a ConvNet is trained using a patch-wise approach to predict the class membership of the central voxel in 2D patches. The segmentation of the kidneys is then produced by densely running the ConvNet over each slice of a CT scan. Efficient predictions can be achieved by transforming fully connected layers into convolutional operations and by fragmenting the maxpooling layers to segment a whole CT scan volume in a few seconds. We report the segmentation performance of our framework on a highly variable data-set of 79 cases using a variety of evaluation metrics.
BACKGROUND:Notifications of work-related mental disorders (WRMDs) are increasing while little data are available on trends by industrial sector.AIMS:To assess WRMD notifications and trends from 2001 to 2011 by industrial sector using data collected by the French National Network for Occupational Disease Vigilance and Prevention (RNV3P) network.METHODS:We calculated standardized notification ratios (SNRs) per sector. To analyse trends over time, we used odds ratios, analysed by logistic regression, including time as a discrete variable or as a continuous variable.RESULTS:We found higher than expected WRMD notifications in manufacturing; paper and book (SNR = 2.16; 95% CI [1.88-2.48]), chemical and pharmaceutical (SNR = 1.79; 95% CI [1.58-2.03]), textile and clothing (SNR = 1.27; 95% CI [1.04-1.54]). In the trade sectors, retail (SNR = 1.60; 95% CI [1.52-1.68]), motor vehicle and cycle trade and repair (SNR = 1.19; 95% CI [1.05-1.34]). In the services sector personal (SNR = 2.09; 95% CI [1.83-2.38]), information technology (SNR = 1.54; 95% CI [1.36-1.74]), financial and insurance (SNR = 1.42; 95% CI [1.31-1.53]), post and telecommunication (SNR = 1.44; 95% CI [1.30-1.60]), human health and social work (SNR = 1.29; 95% CI [1.24-1.34]). We found an increase in notifications in agriculture, post-telecommunication services and the human health/social work sectors and a decrease in chemical/pharmaceutical, metal, and paper and book manufacturing sectors (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONS:These results reveal trends in notifications for WRMDs by industrial sector. This highlights the importance of monitoring trends in WRMDs in specific worker subsets, using specialized networks such as the RNV3P.
