We investigate the 4-dimensional effective theory of the warped volume modulus in the presence of stabilizing effects from gaugino condensation by analyzing the linearized 10-dimensional supergravity equations of motion. Warping is generally expected to scale down the masses of bulk modes to the IR scale at the tip of a throat. We find that the mass of the warped volume modulus evades expectations and is largely insensitive to the effects of warping, even in strongly warped backgrounds. Instead, the mass is parametrically tied to the 4-dimensional AdS curvature scale \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${m}<^>{2}\sim \mathcal{O}\left(1\right)\left|{\widehat{R}}_{\text{AdS}}\right|$$\end{document}, presenting a challenge for scale separation in these backgrounds. We trace this effect to a universal contribution arising from the 10-dimensional equations of motion, and comment on the importance of a 10-dimensional treatment of the warped volume modulus for effective field theories and model building.
In this paper we present an instructional unit that engages students in investigating systemic racism in traffic stops using a dataset from Charlotte, NC and that we have implemented in content and methods classes for pre-service teachers as part of a curriculum development research project. The instructional unit has two main goals: to develop statistical concepts and practices associated with critical statistical literacy, and to normalize discussion of race and racism in STEM classrooms. To help instructors and educational researchers consider how they could translate this unit to their own settings, we provide relevant historical context for race and racism in the U.S. along with pedagogical suggestions for teaching about such issues. We discuss the overall design of the unit and provide examples of student work in relation to the activity, as well as possible extension activities. All materials for the unit including instructors’ guide, pedagogical resources and all activity materials and slides are provided in a permanent online repository for others to use and modify.
BACKGROUND:LGBTQIA+ (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersex, and Asexual +) individuals face higher rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) due to increased trauma exposure. Further, they may experience factors that complicate treatment, like exposure to minority stress and increased substance use. No prior large-scale clinical trial has compared the effectiveness of PTSD treatments among LGBTQIA+ populations. STUDY OBJECTIVES:We are conducting a comparative effectiveness study that will compare two evidence-based psychotherapeutic interventions to reduce PTSD and depression symptoms and improve quality of life in LGBTQIA+ populations. Treatment dropout and satisfaction will be compared between the interventions. Minority stress and substance use will be examined as moderators for treatment effectiveness. We will also examine heterogeneity of treatment effects by gender subgroups, participant residence (urban versus suburban or rural), and race and ethnicity. METHODS:Participants will be recruited from community mental health settings, from the community, and through organizations throughout California. Eligibility will be based on PTSD symptom severity as determined by PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) scores ≥33 during an initial phone screening. Each participant will be randomized to receive either Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) or STAIR Narrative Therapy (SNT). Study participants will complete survey assessments at baseline, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. DISCUSSION:This study will fill critical research gaps to inform effective PTSD treatments for LGBTQIA+ communities.
We investigated the reciprocal relationships between jealousy and maintenance versus protection goal striving in romantic relationships. While existing research has examined various ways romantic partners respond to jealousy and invest in their relationships, it lacks a distinction between routine acts of regular care for the current state of the relationship (maintenance goal striving) and acts that protect against anticipated negative outcomes (protection goal striving). Drawing from the ternary goal framework-which delineates maintenance, protection, and progress as three inherently distinct goal types-we hypothesized that jealousy leads individuals to favor protection over maintenance goal striving, and that this shift creates a self-reinforcing cycle with jealousy. Across three studies (N = 842), including experimental (Study 1) and longitudinal approaches with individual (Study 2) and dyadic data (Study 3), we found support for jealousy's influence on goal priorities. Study 1's experimental manipulation showed jealousy decreased maintenance motivation while leaving protection unchanged. In the longitudinal studies, jealousy predicted increased protection striving at both within-person (Study 2) and between-person levels (Studies 2 and 3), while effects on maintenance were either negative (Study 2) or absent (Study 3). Examining the reverse direction, individuals who chronically engaged in more protection striving showed increases in jealousy over time in both longitudinal studies. This research provides initial evidence that protection and maintenance goals play distinct roles in romantic relationships. The reinforcing cycle of jealousy and protection may have important implications for relationship functioning, as protection efforts may come at the cost of regular maintenance efforts that typically sustain relationship stability and satisfaction.
