Integrating location and routing into a unified decision-making framework offers a more comprehensive reflection of real-world scenarios where different facility layouts directly influence routing plans. Consequently, addressing the issue holistically becomes imperative, especially when considering service level metrics like customer waiting times. In this paper, we address the latency location routing problem with opening costs and split deliveries (LLRP-OCSD). This complex problem involves optimizing the design of a supply chain network by determining depot locations, assigning vehicles and demand nodes to these depots, and designing routes. This must be done while accommodating split deliveries and prioritizing minimizing waiting times for demand nodes. We formulate a mathematical model and propose an iterated local search (ILS) algorithm to solve the problem. To validate the performance of our approach, we adapted a set of benchmark instances previously used for LLRP-OC without considering split deliveries. Computational results demonstrate that the proposed model is able to optimally solve only 2 out of the 38 tested instances within a 2-hour timeframe. On the other hand, the proposed ILS algorithm is able to find good-quality solutions in significantly less computational time for the LLRP-OCSD. Extensive experimentation on larger instances (up to 200 nodes) yields consistent results within reasonable computational limits. In summary, our findings highlight how split deliveries enhance vehicle utilization, enabling the use of smaller vehicles and creating balanced routes with minimal increases in latency costs.
Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries (VRFBs) offer a compelling pathway for large-scale, long-duration energy storage, where reliable operation depends on accurate tracking of both the state of charge (SOC) and the state of health (SOH). This work introduces an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) framework coupled with a first-order equivalent-circuit model to jointly estimate SOC, internal resistance, and effective capacity. Unlike conventional VRFB management strategies, the proposed method eliminates the need for dedicated open-circuit voltage (OCV) cells, enabling SOC estimation using only stack measurements. Capacity degradation is captured through event-triggered pseudo-measurements at end-of-discharge, allowing the algorithm to distinguish between resistance growth and true energy-capacity loss, which is particularly relevant for VRFBs where power and energy capabilities are inherently decoupled. The framework is validated using experimental data from a 5 kW VRFB test bench and further evaluated under synthetic aging scenarios, including increasing ohmic resistance, progressive capacity fade from 60 Ah to 40 Ah, and measurement noise. Across these tests, the EKF achieves an SOC estimation error of 0.66%, internal resistance estimation within 3%, and capacity estimation below 1.6% under nominal conditions, while maintaining strong robustness under sensitivity analysis. Overall, the proposed method advances the safe, efficient, and durable operation of VRFBs.
Disaster research has focused on the macroeconomic impact of extreme phenomena. Recent research has focused more on how these phenomena impact households across various aspects of their livelihoods. According to the literature, in the case of energy consumption, a reduction can be expected in the short term, followed by an increase in consumption in the following years, depending on the intensity of the disaster and the capabilities of the household. To analyse the Mexican case, we used data from the three most recent National Surveys of Household Income and Expenses (2018, 2020, 2022) to examine changes in electricity consumption associated with disaster and emergency declarations that occurred during the billing period, as well as one month, one year, and two years prior. Regressions by income deciles were also used with information from almost 40,000 households per period across the country. Results show how phenomena such as heavy rains are associated with a decrease in energy consumption when occurring in a billing period before the one analysed, while earthquakes are associated with an increase in energy consumption two years after its occurrence. Low-middle income households and high-income households had an associated increase in consumption from heavy rains and earthquake declarations from previous years, with the possible effect of earthquakes being higher for both types of households.
Testosterone plays a critical role in male physical and psychological health, influencing not only reproductive and metabolic functions but also mood, cognition, and overall mental well-being. Age-related testosterone decline has been associated with depressive symptoms, cognitive impairment, and reduced quality of life. Although testosterone therapy (TT) is well established for somatic outcomes, its psychiatric and cognitive effects remain inconsistently characterized across clinical trials. The objective is to systematically review the evidence on the effects of TT on psychiatric and cognitive outcomes in adult men, compared with placebo or standard care, and to evaluate associated safety findings. This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO (ID: 1163108). Comprehensive searches were conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar up to October 2025. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies evaluating TT (any route or dose) in adult men with psychiatric or cognitive endpoints. Data extraction was performed independently by two reviewers, using the PICOS framework. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool. A total of 11 RCTs, encompassing over 600 male participants (aged 18-85 years), were included. Populations ranged from healthy eugonadal men to older hypogonadal adults, and patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) or mild Alzheimer's disease. TT significantly improved depressive symptoms in men with TRD (p < 0.05), and enhanced specific cognitive domains - particularly verbal memory and visuospatial processing (p < 0.05) - in older or hypogonadal men. Global cognition and anxiety outcomes showed inconsistent effects. Quality of life and sexual function consistently improved across studies, while adverse events were mild and transient (mainly acne, edema, or skin irritation). No major cardiovascular, hepatic, or thromboembolic complications were reported. However, evidence certainty remains moderate due to small sample sizes, brief intervention periods, and heterogeneous methodologies. TT should be considered a complementary, not primary, approach in the management of depressive and cognitive symptoms in hypogonadal men, implemented under endocrinological supervision, with regular biochemical and clinical monitoring. Larger, long-term RCTs are warranted to confirm efficacy, optimize dosing, and define long-term neuropsychiatric safety.
Esta investigación tiene un objetivo doble: primero, determinar en qué medida los temas de la ética científica y la integridad académica se han expresado en Twitter/X; segundo, revelar y profundizar en los tópicos que se generar sobre estas temáticas centrales y, con ello, analizar la dinámica de los principales usuarios que se insertan en éstas. Para tal fin, se conformó una base de datos con poco más de 201 mil tweets que usaron al menos uno de 22 términos definidos y relacionados con los temas principales. La unidad fundamental de análisis fueron los hashtags que se usan dentro de los tweets. Además, aplicamos el enfoque del análisis de redes sociales para revelar y entender cómo están conectados entre sí. Los resultados muestran que el tema de la ética científica está bien expresado en Twitter; también, que se han usado una gran diversidad de hashtags, que dan forman a diferentes ejes temáticos. Adicionalmente, los usuarios tienen distintos roles asociados a los hashtags. Se concluye demostrando que Twitter es un buen espacio para la expresión de la ética científica; sin embargo, existen vertientes tanto positivas como negativas al respecto.
