巴黎第十大学

OBJECTIVE:Previous research suggests that children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have difficulties processing gaze cues, potentially impairing their social interactions. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of TooN, a test designed to assess the ability to follow nonverbal social cues. We examined its clinical validity by comparing performance in children with ADHD and typically developing peers, as well as its internal consistency and test-retest reliability. METHOD:Clinical validity and internal consistency were assessed in 25 children with ADHD (mean age = 105 months, SD = 17; 6 girls) and 100 typically developing children matched for age and sex. Test-retest reliability was examined in an independent sample of 28 typically developing children (mean age = 103 months, SD = 17; 17 girls) who completed the task twice over a three-week interval. RESULTS:Children with ADHD showed longer reaction times and made more errors than typically developing peers. While cueing effects did not significantly differ between groups, only typically developing children showed a reliable gaze cueing effect, and both groups responded to pointing cues. Reaction time measures showed excellent internal consistency in both groups and moderate-to-good test-retest reliability in typically developing children, while cueing effects showed lower reliability. Accuracy measures were highly reliable in the ADHD group but less so in controls, possibly due to ceiling effects. CONCLUSIONS:TooN provides preliminary evidence relevant to assessing nonverbal social cue-following in children with and without ADHD. The absence of a reliable gaze cueing effect in ADHD is consistent with gaze-processing difficulties and supports the task's relevance for further investigation. However, the limited reliability of cueing effect scores and the absence of test-retest reliability data in ADHD indicate that findings should be interpreted cautiously. Further research should establish test-retest reliability and convergent validity in clinical samples before broader clinical applicability can be determined.

A method for generating dual high-order orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes by integrating spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPPs) and spoof localized surface plasmon (SLSPs) is proposed. The proposed design consists of N rotationally arranged SSPP waveguides periodically loaded with SLSP patches, which enables broadband circularly polarized (CP) radiation and introduces a dynamic phase. Unlike conventional approaches that rely on excitation phase control and complex feeding networks, the proposed method utilizes dynamic and geometric phases to synthesize the required phase distribution for high-order OAM modes, thereby eliminating the need for phase-shifting networks. Moreover, exploiting the leaky-wave theory, dual high-order OAM modes with l = -N + 1 and l = N + 1 are generated by varying the frequency to alter the dynamic phase. The experimental results confirm that the proposed device is capable of generating high-order l = -7 and l = +9 OAM modes at 9.7 and 13.0 GHz, with gains (divergence angles) of 8.4 dBic (33 degrees) and 5.6 dBic (23 degrees), respectively. This work provides a phase-network-free solution for dual high-order OAM generation with frequency-controlled mode switching, demonstrating potential for applications in sensing, radar detection, and mode-division multiplexing systems for wireless communications.

This paper evaluates the impact of new universities established under France's U2000 Plan on local human capital in secondary cities. Using the synthetic control method, it finds these universities increased the share of higher educated residents (excluding students) by 4 percentage points over 27 years (an 18% rise from the counterfactual). This effect implies broader attraction mechanisms, not merely students staying in the area, and does not displace graduates near historical universities. The increase in local human capital varies across cases and is associated with employment growth, an influx of young residents and a rise in skilled employment.

Ethical cultures play a key role in shaping actors’ behaviors within organizations. While they can encourage ‘good’ actions and decisions, they can also trigger highly problematic ones. Building on the work of Zygmunt Bauman and Tommy Jensen on the notion of adiaphorization, we explore the organizational processes that contribute to the managerial production of ethical insensitivity, particularly in the face of managerial violence. Based on the study of what managerially led to a tragic wave of suicides at France Télécom in the late 2000s, the article makes two main contributions: (1) an empirical exploration of Jensen’s (2010) conceptual framework and (2) a better understanding of the key role played by certain rhetorics to support adiaphorization.

Metagratings have emerged as a powerful platform for efficient electromagnetic wave control. Fundamentally, a trade-off exists between architectural complexity and functional diversity: a single meta-atom per period can only suppress one diffraction order, typically enabling anomalous reflection and dual-beam splitting in the case of two and three propagating orders, respectively. Achieving control over more diffraction modes necessitates introducing additional meta-atoms within the period, increasing design and fabrication challenges. Here, we challenge this prevailing paradigm and demonstrate that a single meta-atom-based period is sufficient for advanced wavefront manipulation, far beyond established limitations. We develop a theoretical framework showing that, even in a configuration with two propagating orders, a single meta-atom per period not only allows achieving high-efficiency anomalous reflection but also exceptional beam splitting. In scenarios with three propagating orders, both dual- and tri-beam splitting can be achieved. Furthermore, the efficient control of multiple beams with up to five diffraction modes can be successfully accomplished. Our findings overturn the conventional design rule for metagratings, demonstrating that structural complexity is not a prerequisite for advanced functionality. This work paves the way for a new generation of high-performance and facile-to-fabricate wavefront-control devices with promising applications in wireless communications and imaging systems.