.
This article is the second of a two part series on de Branges spaces of vector valued functions and their applications. This part focuses on applications to direct and inverse problems for canonical differential systems and Dirac–Kreĭn systems. The exposition is again divided into a number of short sections, each of which focuses on one topic. The list of topics covered includes: spectral functions for the spaces $$\mathcal{H}(U)$$ and $$\mathcal{B}(\mathfrak{E})$$ , generalized Fourier transforms, direct and inverse spectral problems for regular canonical differential systems, the Kreĭn accelerant extension problem, the inverse monodromy problem, other directions. The notation is the same as in the first part.
The Davydov–Chaban model formalism with the Davidson potential for describing the spectrum of excited collective states of heavy even–even nuclei is considered. At describing the energy levels of the ground-state, [Formula: see text]- and [Formula: see text]-bands, the K-mixing effect created by model triaxial rotations is taken into account. The energy spectra of the ground-state, [Formula: see text]- and [Formula: see text]-bands of heavy even–even nuclei: [Formula: see text]Sm [Formula: see text]Gd, [Formula: see text]Dy, [Formula: see text]Er, [Formula: see text]Hf, [Formula: see text]Yb, [Formula: see text]W, [Formula: see text]Th, [Formula: see text]U and [Formula: see text]Pu are considered. The coupling of the ground-state band and the [Formula: see text]-band is also considered. In the framework of presented model formalism, intra-ground-state-band reduced E2-transition probabilities were studied.
Falls and Fear of Falling (FOF) are major public health concerns among older adults, impacting mobility, autonomy, and quality of life. This study aimed to investigate the multidimensional correlates of FOF, including clinical, cognitive, physical-functional, and functional autonomy factors, and to examine the mediating role of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) in the relationship between physical function and FOF. A total of 278 older adults (mean age 81.9 ± 7.9 years) were assessed for sociodemographic, clinical, cognitive, nutritional, and physical-functional variables. Participants with higher FOF demonstrated greater comorbidity burden, higher depressive symptom scores, lower physical performance in most functional tests, and reduced IADL compared to those with lower FOF. Bivariate analyses showed moderate positive correlations of FOF with comorbidity burden (r = 0.323) and depressive symptoms (r = 0.343), and negative correlations with physical performance measures. Hierarchical regression revealed that IADL accounted for the largest incremental variance in FOF (ΔR² = 0.114), highlighting its central role. Mediation analysis confirmed that IADL fully mediated the relationship between physical function and FOF (ACME = − 5.46, p = 0.005), suggesting that the impact of physical function on FOF operates primarily through functional autonomy. These findings emphasize the importance of integrating functional autonomy, physical performance, and clinical factors in fall prevention strategies. A multidimensional, biosocial approach may improve the identification of high-risk individuals and guide targeted interventions to enhance safety, independence, and quality of life among older adults.
Precet Forest Park (PFP) is a unique community-based tourism destination that integrates forest conservation with active production functions, such as resin tapping and coffee cultivation. This study evaluates the strategic position of PFP to formulate a sustainable development model, specifically operationalizing its role as an authentic learning resource for geography education. A descriptive mixed-methods framework was employed, synthesizing qualitative insights from in-depth interviews and field observations into quantitative Internal Factor Analysis Summary (IFAS) and External Factor Analysis Summary (EFAS) matrices. To ensure methodological rigor and mitigate subjectivity, weights and ratings were assigned through a triangulated expert judgment process involving consensus with the LMDH Wana Lestari management. Quantitative evaluation identifies a robust internal index (IFAS: 4.13) against an external score of 2.25. However, these metrics are underscored by a critical threat intensity of 4.27, primarily stemming from acute regional destination competition and inherent geophysical vulnerabilities such as landslide risks. Consequently, the site is situated within Quadrant II of the SWOT matrix. The findings dictate a diversification strategy, rebranding the site as an educational outdoor laboratory to mitigate external pressures. This approach aims to optimize the park’s function as an authentic learning resource designed to support students' spatial intelligence and disaster mitigation awareness. Ultimately, this strategic shift ensures the destination's long-term economic viability and ecological sustainability through structured pedagogical innovation, effectively bridging the gap between classroom theory and socio-spatial realities to enhance geographic literacy.
Africa is confronting an unparalleled food crisis. Comprehending how food insecurity perpetuates in the midst of the twenty-first century is a major challenge of our time, specifically in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) where the hardship has worsened. This aggravation is the result of multiple inter-linked causes including extreme poverty, fast population growth, inflation, ongoing conflicts, climate change, displacement, political instability, bad governance, poor nutrition, low diet diversification, food loss and waste, water availability, among other determinants. In this survey, we briefly seek to identify and shape appropriate issues and holistic policies to address food insecurity, through better education and micro-financing, cornerstones for a viable pathway to lift communities out of poverty. Consideration is given to the impact of vast linguistic differences in foundational education and the need to integrate over 3000 national languages into educational systems. Millions of African livelihoods depend on some traditional 115 specific crops ensuring biodiversity, offering potentially valuable solutions, and on formal or informal seed systems, while one single model cannot address all realities. The multifaceted footprint of globalization on the food system affected biodiversity loss, soil degradation, and the potential overreliance on fewer staple crops, with both positive and negative consequences affecting the small farmers. We address some continuous unsuccessful interventions such as imported seeds, foreign aid, poor governance, lack of effective transportation, and international programmes which for decades have failed to erase food insecurity. The nutrition career field in SSA is relatively new and still developing, now aiming at improving food production, access to healthy foods namely for recently born children and mothers, and the overall food system. Only through a strong commitment to good governance and reliable agrarian extension services, home-grown school-feeding programmes, and production at scale with adequate market, will the communities be able to achieve healthy, safe, sustainable diets, and food security. The aim of this survey was to emphasize the efforts made in SSA to address the multitude of determinants of food insecurity, hence supporting ideas to control poverty-induced hunger to acceptable figures.
