Background/Objectives: Glucosinolates (GSLs) from cruciferous vegetables (CVs), sulfur (S)- and nitrogen-containing compounds, are enzymatically hydrolyzed by myrosinase (EC 3.2.1.147) to yield bioactive derivatives such as isothiocyanates (ITCs) and indoles. These metabolites exhibit chemopreventive and anticancer properties. The article compiles evidence regarding the following: (i) the molecular mechanisms regulating the biosynthesis of key derivatives, including sulforaphane (SFN), phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), and indole-3-carbinol (I3C); (ii) epidemiological and clinical findings; and (iii) strategies to link plant science with nutritional interventions for cancer prevention. Methods: An integrative literature review was conducted using Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and PubMed. English-language studies addressing mechanistic insights, nutritional factors, epidemiology, and clinical trials were included. Results: The biosynthesis and metabolism of GSL in plants are regulated by S and several transcription factors that promote or repress GSL production. Additionally, food processing has been shown to influence retention time and the formation of ITCs. In humans, ITCs activate nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated detoxification, induce apoptosis, and modulate epigenetic pathways. Epidemiological data show inverse associations between CV intake and cancer risk, though variability exists. Clinical trials have confirmed the bioavailability and effects of glucoraphanin and SFN on cancer-related biomarkers. Conclusions: The described compounds are bioavailable in humans and modulate the clinically relevant pathways linked to carcinogenesis. Larger, standardized interventions are needed to determine effective intake levels, optimize bioavailability, and define their potential role in evidence-based nutritional strategies for cancer prevention.
An improved variant of the 10 mA and 10 V DC reference and transfer standard developed for use at CERN is presented. The device achieves very low noise levels at subHz frequencies, which enhances the capability for performance testing of direct-current current transformers (DCCTs) for the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) project, where good short- and mid-term stability is essential. To characterize the standard, the 10 V and 10 mA outputs of a single unit were tested simultaneously against two Programmable Josephson Voltage Standards (PJVSs) at PTB-Braunschweig. The measurements show negligible low-frequency noise contribution from the internal voltage-to-current conversion, while demonstrating Allan deviation better than 0.01 & micro;A/A on a time scale up to one day, reaching down to a few nA/A for shorter measurement times. The operation of multiple paralleled units is also presented as a viable way to further decrease both current and voltage noise.
Rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems modify urban surface properties and can influence roof temperatures, heat fluxes, and both outdoor and indoor air temperatures. Yet, reported impacts of PV on the urban atmosphere remain inconsistent, highlighting the need for a more systematic modeling approach. In this paper, we present a sophisticated energy budget parameterization of building-applied PV in the microscale large-eddy simulation (LES) model PALM. It accounts for the PV-roof air gap, capturing thermal and radiative interactions, ventilation, and PV material properties. Validation against a five-month measurement campaign in offline energy-balance mode (no atmosphere) shows high accuracy (R2 = 0.93), with 80% of simulated PV temperatures falling within +/- 4 K of observations. In a first building-resolving LES application for a dense urban area (LCZ 02), we found that area-wide PV deployment reduces near-surface air temperatures (24-h averages) compared to black roofs (+0.74 K), gravel roofs (+0.45 K), and terracotta roofs (+0.32 K). PV and red roofs show negligible differences (-0.01 K). Nighttime effects are more complex: PV roofs cool faster in the early evening but may slightly increase temperatures around dawn due to low ventilation and radiation trapping in PV-roof air gap. White roofs remain constantly cooler than PV (-1.09 K). This study represents the first integration of rooftop PV into microscale LES simulations resolving individual buildings within a 2 km & times; 2 km domain, emphasizing the role of detailed energy balance and microscale flows in assessing PV impacts and guiding urban energy planning.
Dryopteris × brathaica Fraser-Jenk. & Reichst. is a very rare hybrid taxon between D. filix-mas and D. carthusiana , known from several European countries and only from one locality in North America. In Poland, it has so far been reported in two localities in the Pogórze Spisko- Gubałowskie foothills, under the name D. filix-mas × D. carthusiana (Nikel 2006). On 2 November 2018, a locality of this taxon was discovered during a field survey on the slopes of the Okrągiełek Mt. in the Beskid Mały Mountains. This population consists of three individuals and has remained unchanged for several years. A morphological comparison of D. filix-mas , D. ×brathaica , D. carthusiana and D. remota is presented in figure 1 and table 1. The habit of D. ×brathaica is shown in figure 3 and its herbarium specimen in figure 2.
Opracowanie przedstawia wydarzenia, które odbyły się z inicjatywy i pod patronatem honorowym Polskiego Towarzystwa Botanicznego (PTB) dla uczczenia jubileuszu jego stulecia przypadającego w 2022 roku. Przygotowania do obchodów trwały od 2019 r. i zaangażowały wszystkie oddziały i sekcje Towarzystwa. Uroczyste obchody odbyły się w Warszawie 28 czerwca, a zaraz po nich LIX Zjazd zorganizowany przez Oddział Warszawski. Obchody jubileuszowe zakończyła oficjalnie Gala Roku Botaniki w formie otwartej sesji naukowej 3 grudnia 2022 r., a ostatnie przedsięwzięcie obchodów odbyło się dwa lata później. Z okazji stulecia wkład polskich botaników w rozwój nauki podsumowano w 24 artykułach naukowych, wydano dwie monografie, odsłonięto pomnik upamiętniający założycieli PTB i tablicę pamiątkową poświęconą szwajcarskiemu geobotanikowi Josiasowi Braun- Blanquetowi, a także przygotowano jubileuszowe logotypy, wydano kartkę i całostkę pocztową oraz wybito nową przypinkę z logotypem Towarzystwa. W ramach popularyzacji wiedzy zorganizowano: 12 webinariów, wystawę plenerową i konkurs fotograficzny. Obchody, w których łącznie wzięło udział prawie 100 tys. osób, przyczyniły się do przypomnienia historii botaniki w Polsce, do podsumowania i uporządkowania wiedzy o działalności PTB oraz przybliżyły rolę botaniki we współczesnym świecie. Ukazały również siłę społecznego oddziaływania członków PTB i wkład jaki wnosi Towarzystwo w rozwój Ojczyzny.
