In this paper, we study the dynamics of the limiting equation (i.e., non-autonomous ODE) of non-autonomous parabolic linear PDEs with dynamic boundary conditions. For this, we first show the well posedness of the PDEs and investigate how the solutions of given PDEs converge to those of the limiting equation. We show that, under certain standard conditions, bounded solutions exhibit additional smoothness - specifically Holder continuity - which allows us to obtain the uniform convergence of solutions. Consequently, the large-time behavior can be described by analyzing the limiting problem. Our approach involves non-autonomous singular perturbations of a reaction-diffusion equation with large diffusion in all domain and its boundary.
Objectives This double-blind randomized clinical trial aimed to evaluate the objective color match and clinical performance of a one-shade flowable composite (Vittra APS Unique Flow, FGM) compared with a multi-shade flowable composite (Opallis Flow, FGM) in the restoration of non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs). Methods A total of 124 NCCLs were restored in 62 participants (n = 62 restorations per material) in a randomized, split-mouth, multicenter design. Objective color parameters (ΔEab and ΔE00) were assessed using a spectrophotometer by comparing the cervical third before and after restoration and the cervical and middle thirds after restoration at 7 days. Clinical performance was assessed using FDI criteria at baseline and after 6, 12, and 18 months. Data were analyzed using paired Student’s t-tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests (α = 0.05). Results No significant differences between the one-shade and multi-shade composites were detected for ΔEab or ΔE00 in either objective color comparison (p > 0.05). At 18 months, retention rates were 98.4% for the one-shade composite and 100% for the multi-shade composite, with no significant difference between materials. No significant differences were observed for the remaining functional, biological, or esthetic FDI criteria, except for color match (A3), for which the multi-shade composite showed a higher frequency of clinically excellent/very good scores (p = 0.008). All restorations evaluated for color match remained clinically acceptable. Conclusions The one-shade flowable composite showed favorable 18-month clinical performance, with no significant differences in objective color measurements compared with the multi-shade composite. However, visual color matching favored the multi-shade material at 18 months, although all restorations evaluated for color match remained clinically acceptable. Clinical significance One-shade flowable composites may simplify NCCL restorations by eliminating shade selection while maintaining favorable clinical performance and clinically acceptable color match.
The strawberry consists of two main parts: the dry achenes (the true fruit) and an enlarged receptacle (the fleshy part). These parts exhibit high metabolic synchrony during the development and ripening stages. Due to the low rates of ethylene production and respiration during ripening, strawberries are currently classified as non-climacteric fruits. However, studies suggest that ethylene, along with its interactions with other plant growth regulators like abscisic acid and auxin influences the ripening process in strawberries. Auxins are crucial for the initial development of fruits, promoting cell expansion and modulating non-climacteric ripening. Recent research indicates that cytokinins and gibberellins might play a role in enhancing fruit development and ripening by promoting cell expansion. Additionally, the literature suggests that increased sugar concentration, accompanied by cell wall degradation and changes in pulp osmotic pressure, is linked to hormonal crosstalk between growth promoters, abscisic acid and ethylene. Although traditionally classified as non-climacteric, recent evidence may suggest that strawberries operate under a model similar to ‘suppressed climacteric’. In this system, ethylene does not act as the primary trigger, but rather as an essential modulator of late ripening. Thus, strawberry ripening reflects a sophisticated hormonal interaction essential to the strawberry ripening cascade. Strawberry ripening is regulated by coordinated hormonal crosstalk involving auxin, abscisic acid, cytokinins, gibberellins, and ethylene, suggesting an alternative ripening model in which ethylene functions as a late-stage modulator rather than the primary trigger.
To evaluate the efficacy of a new orthodontic primer (Ambar APS Ortho; FGM Dental Products, Joinville, SC, Brazil) on shear bond strength (SBS) and degree conversion (DC) of metallic brackets bonding. 240 sound maxillary premolars were randomized into 24 experimental groups based on: (1) Orthodontic primer (Ambar APS Ortho, Orthoprimer and Transbond XT); (2) Light-curing time (3-seconds and 10-seconds); (3) Light-curing unit (Valo Cordless and Quazar); and (4) Storage condition (immediate time [IT] and after thermocycling [TC]). After each storage time, specimens were subjected to SBS testing at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min until failure, and values were recorded in MPa. For DC (
This study analyzes the determinants of commuting between cities in the Londrina Metropolitan Region (LMR) using a Structural Gravity model with Fixed Effects, estimated by Poisson Pseudo-Maximum Likelihood (PPML), and an XGBoost model. The two approaches were used for predictive performance comparison, and spatial aspects were incorporated into both models by introducing an interaction between distance and labor market development as a regressor. The results suggest that distance acts as a repelling factor for commuting flows and while labor market dynamics in the origin city serve as a repelling factor, it acts as an attractive factor in the destination city. Although spatial effects were significant, their inclusion did not greatly enhance the predictive power of the models. Moreover, the Structural Gravity model and the XGBoost showed identical performances, suggesting that the Gravity model remains relevant for commuting research.
