BACKGROUND:Avulsion fractures of the pelvis and hip primarily affect active adolescents. Although most cases are successfully treated with nonoperative management, surgical intervention may be indicated as displacement and risk for nonunion increase. The literature remains heterogeneous and limited by small comparative cohorts. This study summarizes available evidence comparing outcomes after nonoperative and operative treatment, with particular attention to displacement. METHODS:A literature search of Ovid Medline, Embase, Scopus, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Clinicaltrials.gov was completed in July 2024. Patient characteristics, type of activity at the time of injury, displacement distance, treatment modality, complications, and patient outcomes were recorded for specific fracture types, as available. RESULTS:Twenty-four eligible studies were identified and contributed a total of 852 fractures in 849 patients (mean age 14.4±1.7 y, 79% male) for analysis. The most common fracture sites were the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS, 33.1%) and anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS, 30.4%), followed by the ischial tuberosity (ISCH, 15.5%), lesser trochanter (LT, 13.5%), and iliac crest (IC, 7.5%). Overall, 86.6% of fractures were managed nonoperatively, and 13.4% were managed surgically. In displacement-stratified cohorts, ISCH fractures with displacement >15 mm achieved high functional scores with both operative and nonoperative treatment, although pseudoarthrosis occurred in some nonoperatively treated cases with minimal functional limitation. ASIS fractures with displacement >15 mm showed similar transient complications before resolution to excellent outcomes in both treatment groups, but faster RTS with the operative management alone. Rates of persistent pain were highest in ISCH fractures (27.3% surgically, 10.9% nonoperatively) and AIIS fractures treated nonoperatively (13.8%). Return to sport was achieved in nearly all cases, with surgically treated ISCH fractures requiring the longest recovery periods (6 mo). CONCLUSION:Both nonoperative and operative management result in favorable outcomes for most adolescent pelvic avulsion fractures. Although displacement frequently influences surgical decision-making, current evidence does not establish a validated threshold at which outcomes reliably diverge. Before displacement can be considered a reliable surgical indication, higher-quality evidence demonstrating superior outcomes at clear displacement thresholds is needed. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:Level III.
Correction for 'An aniline-bridged bis(pyrazolyl)alkane ligand for dizinc-catalysed ring-opening polymerization' by Pratyush K. Naik et al., Dalton Trans., 2024, 53, 17443-17447, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4DT02837F.
Purpose To systematically review population preferences for expanded carrier screening programmes to inform service delivery and health policy. Methods PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus were searched from 1995 to 2025 on carrier screening for autosomal or X-linked recessive genetic conditions across adult general populations. Included studies elicited preferences on attributes regarding the design or delivery of carrier screening programs. We extracted preferences for each attribute, mapped qualitative findings to these preferences, assessed risk of bias and performed meta-analysis on the willingness-to-pay for screening using Bayesian multilevel modelling. All findings are reported in 2024 USD. Results Thirty one studies, including 16 quantitative, 11 qualitative, and 4 mixed-methods studies were included. Participants expressed preferences for which conditions to include in ECS, joint vs individual screening, the value of information provided before screening, in-person over online counselling, type of healthcare provider, and preconception testing. Willingness-to-pay was right-skewed with 9% of participants not willing to pay any amount, a median of $107 and an interquartile range between $41 and $226. Most studies demonstrated a high risk of bias. Conclusions We report preferences of the general population regarding expanded carrier screening programmes, including suggested amounts for copayment if subsidised by the health system. ### Competing Interest Statement SSJ is co-founder of Global Gene Corp Pte Ltd and Rhea Health Pte Ltd. SSJ has received travel grants from Illumina, Pacific BioSciences and Oxford Nanopore. ### Funding Statement This study is funded by AM/ACP-Designated Philanthropic Fund Award MCHRI/FY2023/EX/152-A207 through Temasek Foundation, and AM Strategic Fund Award PRISM/FY2022/AMS(SL)/75-A137. SSJ is supported by National Medical Research Council Clinician Scientist Award (NMRC/CSAINVJun21-0003) and (NMRC/CSAINV24jul-0001). ### Author Declarations I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained. Yes I confirm that all necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived, and that any patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or participants themselves) outside the research group so cannot be used to identify individuals. Yes I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance). Yes I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines, such as any relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material, if applicable. Yes Data generated by this study are available at https://github.com/robinblythe/ecs_wtp.
X-ray spectroscopy has long been a powerful diagnostic tool for hot, dilute plasmas, providing insights into plasma conditions by measuring line shifts and broadenings of atomic transitions. The technique critically depends on the accuracy of atomic physics models used to interpret spectroscopic measurements for inferring plasma properties such as free-electron density and temperature. Over the past decades, the atomic and plasma physics communities have developed robust atomic physics models to account for various processes in hot, dilute classical plasmas. While these models have been successful in that regime, their applicability becomes uncertain when interpreting x-ray spectroscopy experiments of above-solid-density plasmas. Given that finite-temperature density-functional theory (DFT) offers a more accurate description of dense plasma environments, we present the development of a DFT-based multi-band kinetic model, VERITAS, designed to improve the interpretation of x-ray spectroscopic measurements in high-density plasmas produced by laser-driven spherical implosions. This work details the VERITAS model and its application to both time-integrated and time-resolved x-ray spectra from implosion experiments on OMEGA. The advantages and limitations of the VERITAS model will also be discussed, along with potential directions for advancing x-ray spectroscopy of dense and superdense plasmas.
