Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru Memorial Medical College

A new technique enabling to improve feature selection process based on weighted intuitionistic fuzzy (IF) similarity relation (WIFSR) is suggested in the present study. Firstly, we discuss a novel WIFSR by improving the idea of IF similarity relation. Secondly, IF granular structure (IFGS) is established on the basis of WIFSR. Thirdly, IF rough set model is outlined based on the idea of aforesaid IFGS. Next, positive region is computed based on the lower approximation of IF rough set. Then, dependency of decision dimension over set of conditional dimension is calculated based on positive region and cardinality of the decision system. With granular structures, features/dimensions can be represented with different levels of abstraction to provide a dynamic and flexible selection approach. Moreover, we present a WIFSR designed to measure the similarity between features by taking into account their relevancy and non-redundancy. Proposed approach effectively addresses the problem of feature selection by measuring degree of dependency between features in IFGS framework. Mathematical validation is illustrated for all the established notions. Proposed method is experimentally evaluated on various datasets, and we successfully demonstrate its efficiency in terms of determining the inherent features while safeguarding them from later uncertainty and noise. Our experimental results illustrate that the suggested approach, in the context of accuracy and standard deviation, outperforms the existing feature selection methods. At the end, a new scheme is demonstrated to enhance the overall prediction performances of machine learning methods for antiviral peptides.

Forensic biomechanics, an interdisciplinary field that combines principles of mechanical engineering, biology, and forensic science, plays a crucial role in understanding the mechanisms of injuries in legal contexts. This paper reviews the key concepts, methodologies, and applications of forensic biomechanics, emphasizing its importance in the investigation of accidents, assaults, and other incidents where injury analysis is pivotal. Through an examination of case studies and current research, the paper highlights advancements in biomechanical modeling, injury criteria, and the integration of technology in forensic investigations. Challenges and future directions for forensic biomechanics are also discussed, providing a comprehensive overview of this vital discipline.

Background and objectives Sickle cell disease is a major haemoglobin disorder, and foetal haemoglobin (HbF) remains the strongest modifier of disease severity. Hydroxyurea is the standard HbF-inducing drug, but many patients show limited response. Curcumin and resveratrol are natural polyphenols with low toxicity. This study evaluated their individual and combined effects on HbF induction in K562 cells and primary CD34⁺ cells. Methods K562 cells were treated with curcumin, resveratrol, and hydroxyurea at increasing doses. Viability was measured by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, and IC₅₀ values (half maximal inhibitory concentration) were calculated. Drug combinations were tested in fixed ratios, and synergy was analysed using CompuSyn and SynergyFinder. CD34⁺ cells were isolated by MACS (magnetic-activated cell sorting) and differentiated for 14 days. Treatments began on day 3, and HbF levels were measured by ELISA. Results Curcumin showed the lowest IC₅₀ (74.8-66.3 µM), followed by resveratrol (84.3-75.2 µM), and hydroxyurea (140-131.9 µM) (p<0.05 for all comparisons). All compounds maintained over 70% viability at sub-IC₅₀ doses in both K562 and CD34⁺ cells. The strongest synergy was observed in the curcumin + resveratrol combination (Combination index (CI) 0.55±0.03; Loewe score 39.7±3.1), indicating a strong synergistic interaction despite model-specific differences. HbF induction followed the same trend and was consistent across experimental replicates. Curcumin raised HbF to 16.8% (1.9-fold), resveratrol to 12.5% (1.4-fold), and hydroxyurea to 21.2% (2.3-fold). Curcumin + resveratrol showed the highest induction at 24.92% (2.7-fold). In SCD CD34⁺ cells, the same combination produced 27.8% relative to untreated baseline. Interpretation and conclusions The strong synergy reflects the complementary action of antioxidant, epigenetic, and nitric-oxide-linked pathways. Minimal HbF rise in normal CD34⁺ cells indicate disease-specific responsiveness. Curcumin and resveratrol together form a potent and safe strategy for enhancing HbF and may serve as an effective adjunct therapy for SCD.

Background The elective module is a new addition to the undergraduate medical curriculum in India, in which students choose the specialty on their own, where they are required to spend eight weeks. This study aimed to assess students' perception regarding their elective posting in Block-2 through the use of the Relative Importance Index (RII). Methodology This cross-sectional study included undergraduate students. Data were collected from 181 participants by using an online structured Google Forms questionnaire. Students were asked to provide their perception on elective posting Block-2 on five domains, i.e., learning benefits, role of preceptor and teamwork, satisfaction with the elective, perceived electives, and negative response, and the statements were ranked through calculation using the RII. Results The RII revealed that the most important domains were the role of preceptors and teamwork (0.65), followed by negative response (0.52), satisfaction with electives (0.45), learning benefits (0.43), and perceived electives (0.42). Conclusions Students perceived the role of preceptor and teamwork as the most important domain. The success of elective posting lies with the effort of medical teachers to execute and implement in such a novel way that each student becomes a lifelong learner.

Introduction: Glucolipid metabolic disorders, including Metabolic Dysfunction- Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD), formerly known as Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), insulin resistance, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and obesity, are characterized by dysregulated hepatic lipid metabolism, impaired glucose homeostasis and systemic energy imbalance. Oxylipins, a diverse class of oxygenated bioactive metabolites derived from Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs), have emerged as key lipid mediators that link dietary fatty acid composition to intracellular metabolic signaling pathways. Soybean oil, a major dietary source of linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid, provides abundant substrates for oxylipin biosynthesis via cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX), cytochrome P450 (CYP), and non-enzymatic oxidative pathways. This review comprehensively examines the mechanistic roles of soybean oil-derived oxylipins in regulating hepatic glucolipid metabolism and highlights their potential as therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers for glucolipid metabolic disorders. Methods: Relevant peer-reviewed studies were identified through a comprehensive review of experimental, clinical, and lipidomics-based literature. Evidence related to oxylipin biosynthesis, receptormediated signaling, metabolic regulation, oxidative stress, inflammation, and glucolipid metabolic disorders was critically evaluated and systematically synthesized to provide an integrated mechanistic framework and highlight the therapeutic and diagnostic potential of oxylipins in metabolic diseases. Results: Current evidence indicates that oxylipins play pivotal roles in regulating glucolipid metabolism by activating G protein-coupled receptors and nuclear receptors, including Peroxisome Proliferator- Activated Receptor-α (PPARα), Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ (PPARγ) and Liver X Receptors (LXRs). Through these signaling pathways, oxylipins regulate fatty acid oxidation, de novo lipogenesis, gluconeogenesis and insulin signaling, thereby maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Linoleic acid-derived oxylipins are generally associated with enhanced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, chronic inflammation and insulin resistance. In contrast, cytochrome P450 (CYP)-derived epoxy-fatty acids exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and insulin-sensitizing properties that promote hepatic metabolic homeostasis. Moreover, disease-specific alterations in oxylipin profiles are strongly associated with hepatic lipid accumulation, lipid peroxidation and the progression of metabolic dysfunction, highlighting their potential as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for glucolipid metabolic disorders. Discussion: The available evidence indicates that oxylipins exert both protective and detrimental effects, depending on their biosynthetic origin, fatty acid precursor and receptor specificity. Although considerable progress has been made in elucidating oxylipin-mediated metabolic signaling, variations in experimental models, analytical methodologies and clinical populations continue to limit the translation of these findings into therapeutic applications. Future studies integrating standardized lipidomic profiling with mechanistic investigations and well-designed clinical studies are essential to validate oxylipin-based biomarkers, establish causal relationships and facilitate the development of targeted therapeutic strategies for glucolipid metabolic disorders. Conclusion: Oxylipins are key regulators of hepatic glucolipid metabolism, linking dietary lipid metabolism with oxidative stress, inflammatory signaling and insulin sensitivity. Their diverse biological functions and context-dependent effects underscore their potential as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for MASLD, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity and other glucolipid metabolic disorders.