Çalışmada İran’daki Susa I, II, III Dönemi kültürleri ile Mezopotamya’daki Ubeyd, Uruk ve Cemdet Nasr Dönemi kültürlerinin, Yukarı Mısır ve Aşağı Nübye’deki Nakada kültürü üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. İncelemenin yapılmasında, İran ve Mezopotamya’da keşfedilen silindir mühür ve mühür baskıları ile Yukarı Mısır ve Aşağı Nübye’de keşfedilen duvar resimleri, fildişi ve altın kaplı bıçak sapları ve gürz parçaları gibi arkeolojik eserlerden faydalanılmıştır. Söz konusu arkeolojik eserlerin karşılaştırılması sonucunda Yukarı Mısır ve Aşağı Nübye’de bulunan arkeolojik eserler ile İran ve Mezopotamya’da ortaya çıkarılan arkeolojik eserlerin sanat özellikleri bakımından benzer oldukları anlaşılmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra İran ve Mezopotamya’da ortaya çıkarılan arkeolojik eserlerin, Yukarı Mısır ve Aşağı Nübye’de keşfedilen arkeolojik eserlerden daha erken dönemlere ait oldukları saptanmıştır. Bu kronolojik farklılık göz önünde bulundurularak arkeolojik eserler arasındaki benzerliklerin, sıradan bir ticaret ilişkisi veya tesadüfi bir kültürel yakınlıktan kaynaklanmadığı ileri sürülmüştür. Yukarı Mısır ve Aşağı Nübye coğrafyası üzerindeki belirgin bir İran ve Mezopotamya kültürel etkisinin, söz konusu benzerliklerin asıl sebebini meydana getirdiği iddia edilmiştir.
Natuna is one of the areas in Indonesia that has archaeological remains with the background of past international trade activities through the sea, one of which is ceramics. The number of ceramics remains found on the island can provide information on the early history of civilization on Natuna Island. Ceramics are sought by the residents of Natuna, especially those affected by the northern monsoon, to be traded illegally. Therefore, the question posed in this article is how the archaeological remains protection system is implemented in Natuna Regency. The goal is to minimize illegal activities related to archaeological remains in the Natuna Regency. This article uses primary and secondary data from field research in 2019-2021 and literature studies related to archaeological remains in Natuna. The data was collected through direct observation, excavation, interviews, and a literature review. Then, we did the data reduction. From that, we made an interpretation that is used to solve problems about the protection of archaeological remains. The conclusion obtained is that to minimize illegal activities related to archaeological remains is to collaborate with the activities of three parties, namely the government, stakeholders, and the general public.
Abstract. The Historical Background and Site Consideration Candi Baru Settlement in Semarang. Semarang is a port city in Java that had rapid development during the late Colonial era. The city has developed into an industrial and administrative center since the Dutch influence in the archipelago. The growth of job opportunities led to an increase in the urbanization rate as people moved to Semarang. The Area of Candi Baru Settlement was developed in the 1900th by the Dutch colonial government, located south of Semarang in Gajahmungkur Hill, which is quite far from the city and in the hilly area. This study aimed to determine the historical background and considerations for selecting the location of the Candi Baru Settlement during the Colonial period. The data used in the research include old maps to understand the development of the settlement and its environmental context, as well as literature data such as historical archives to explore its social and political aspects. The qualitative analysis was carried out by connecting historical data with environmental data to identify the environmental factors and colonial government intervention. The results of this study indicate that poor ecological sanitation, disease outbreak, and population mortality rates are the driving factors for the opening of settlements south of Semarang City. Gajahmungkur Hills provides an alternative healthy living environment and is comfortable for its residents. Keywords: Candi Baru, Semarang, Settlement Abstrak. Semarang adalah kota pelabuhan di Pulau Jawa yang cukup pesat perkembangannya pada era akhir Kolonial. Semarang tumbuh menjadi pusat perdagangan dan industri sejak ditetapkan sebagai kota praja. Berkembangnya lapangan pekerjaan berdampak pada meningkatnya laju urbanisasi penduduk menuju Semarang. Area Permukiman Candi Baru dikembangkan pemerintah kolonial Belanda pada tahun 1900-an, yang terletak di sebelah selatan Semarang, tepatnya di Bukit Gajahmungkur. Lokasinya terbilang cukup jauh dari pusat Kota Semarang dan berada pada area bukit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui latar belakang sejarah dan pertimbangan pemilihan lokasi Permukiman Candi Baru Semarang pada masa Kolonial. Data yang digunakan berupa peta lama untuk mengetahui perkembangan permukiman dan konteks lingkungannya serta data pustaka berupa arsip-arsip sejarah untuk mengetahui aspek sosial, politik, dan lingkungan yang melatarbelakanginya. Analisis dilakukan secara kualitatif dengan mengaitkan data sejarah dengan lingkungan sehingga dapat diperoleh faktor pertimbangan lingkungan dan intervensi yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah kolonial. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan buruknya sanitasi lingkungan, wabah penyakit, dan tingginya angka kematian penduduk di Kota Semarang sebagai faktor pendorong dibukanya permukiman baru di sebelah selatan Kota Semarang. Bukit Gajahmungkur memberikan alternatif lingkungan tempat tinggal yang sehat dan nyaman para penghuninya. Kata Kunci: Candi Baru, Permukiman, Semarang
The basic objective of English language instruction is to help students achieve language competency for communicative purposes while making as few errors as feasible. Corrective feedback is essential because of how well it improves students English language skills. The connection between language learners and teachers views on the forms, methods, and timing of corrective feedback has not yet received the attention it deserves from educational researchers. Examining the perspectives of both teachers and students in higher education, this study seeks to better understand the effects of constructive criticism. Quantitative and qualitative approaches were used by using a survey questionnaire the researcher designed and conducted interviews. The surveys were completed by the students by Google form and to participate in follow-up interviews with Microsoft representatives. Three hundred fifty law school sophomores took part in the multi-method study. The data from the surveys, the students follow-up interviews, and the discussion with 10 ESL instructors. The findings demonstrated that both educators and students valued the use of remedial feedback delivered verbally to improve English language skills. Metalinguistic feedback, immediate feedback on grammatical and lexical mistakes, and explicit correction and recast were all highlighted by the authors as effective treatments for phonological problems. Teachers thought that students were not negatively affected by timely correction, but they did see that students preferred delayed corrective input. From a pedagogically relevant stance, these results have consequences for language teachers and students alike.
ABSTRAK Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang keanekaragaman bentuk kehidupan pertumbuhan karang di perairan Bintan bagian timur. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bentuk kehidupan bentuk life form karang dan untuk mengetahui persentase jenis tutupan terumbu karang, indeks keanekaragaman, keseragaman. Indeks dan indeks dominasi spesies di Bintan bagian timur. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode u nder p hoto t ransect (UPT) dengan panjang transek garis yang digunakan adalah 50 m dengan luas pemotretan (58 x 44) cm 2 . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada stasiun satu di perairan Kawal persentase tutupan karang hidup sebesar 41 . 80% termasuk dalam kategori sedang. Ada 8 jenis pertumbuhan karang bentuk kehidupan, yaitu CM, CF, ACE, ACT, CS, CE, CB, CMR. Pada stasiun dua di perairan Teluk Bakau persentase tutupan karang hidup sebesar 47,40% dikategorikan sedang. Ada 7 jenis pertumbuhan karang bentuk kehidupan yang ditemukan, yaitu CM, CF, CE, CS, ACT, ACS, ACE. Pada stasiun tiga perairan Malang Rapat persentase tutupan karang hidup sebesar 41,53% termasuk kategori sedang. Ada 9 jenis pertumbuhan karang bentuk kehidupan yang ditemukan, yaitu CM, ACE, CS, CF, CE, CMR, ACS, ACT , CB . Kata kunci: Keanekaragaman, Life form Coral, Under Photo Transect (UPT),Tutupan karang, Perairan Bintan Timur ABSTRACT This research examines the diversity of life form coral growth in the waters of the eastern part of Bintan.The purpose of this research aimed to determine the growth form of life form corals the percentage of coral reef cover types, diversity index, uniformity index and species dominance index in the eastern part of Bintan. This research was conducted using the u nder p hoto t ransect (UPT) method with the length of the line transect used was 50 m with a photo area (58 x 44) cm 2 . The results showed that at station one in Kawal waters, the percentage of l ife coral cover was 41 . 80%, categorized as medium. There were 8 types of life form coral growth, namely CM, CF, ACE, ACT, CS, CE, CB, CMR. At station two in the waters of the Teluk Bakau, the percentage of live coral cover was 47,40% categorized as moderate. There were 7 types of life form coral growth found, namely CM, CF, CE, CS, ACT, ACS, ACE. At station three in Malang Rapat waters, the percentage of live coral cover was 41,53% categorized as medium. There were 9 types of life form coral growth found, namely CM, ACE, CS, CF, CE, CMR, ACS, ACT , CB . Keywords: Diversity, Life form coral, Under Photo Transect (UPT), Coral cover, East Bintan waters
