Heart failure (HF) is a major cause of morbidity, mortality, and healthcare utilization worldwide, yet early risk stratification remains challenging because prognostic information is distributed across heterogeneous clinical narratives and subtle electrophysiological abnormalities. We propose AGraphHF, a multimodal framework for incident HF risk prediction that integrates 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) with demographic-aware clinical text under a survival objective. The prediction task is temporally anchored at an index ECG and estimates the relative risk of subsequent HF onset under a longitudinal time-to-event formulation. The ECG encoder models individual leads as graph nodes and learns both inter-lead relationships and temporal dependencies using dual graph attention mechanisms. To enhance sensitivity to weak but prognostically relevant signal deviations, the model employs a two-phase adversarial training strategy with dual decoders, where stable reconstruction of typical ECG morphology is followed by deviation-focused refinement conditioned on reconstruction residuals. In parallel, clinical notes are encoded using a demographic-aware language model that extends BioClinicalBERT through age- and sex-conditioned contrastive pre-training. ECG and text representations are aligned in a shared latent space and fused hierarchically to produce patient-level risk estimates. We evaluate AGraphHF on high-risk cohorts derived from the MIMIC-IV database, including patients with hypertension and myocardial infarction. Experimental results demonstrate improved survival risk discrimination compared with established baselines on the hypertension and myocardial infarction cohorts, while also revealing cohort-dependent differences in the contribution of ECG and clinical text. These findings support the use of coordinated graph-based ECG modelling and demographic-aware multimodal integration for HF risk stratification, while emphasizing the need for cohort-specific interpretation of model performance.
This paper investigates a near-field integrating sensing, communication, and power transfer (ISCPT) system. An optimization problem is formulated to maximize the communication users’ sum rate through the beamforming design, subject to the maximum Cramér-Rao bound (CRB) constraint for sensing, the minimum harvested energy constraint for wireless power transfer, and the base station’s total transmit power constraint. The formulated problem is non-convex with highly coupled variables, posing significant optimization challenges. To address this, we decompose the problem into two tractable subproblems by introducing multiple sets of auxiliary variables and the augmented Lagrangian function, combined with the alternating optimization algorithm. Numerical results show the impact of different constraint parameters on the sum rate and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed optimization framework.
Abstract To meet the rising global energy demand, offshore wind turbines (OWTs) are increasingly deployed in deeper marine environments where wind conditions are more favorable. This transition exposes OWTs to intensified environmental loads—such as wind, wave, and rotor-induced dynamic forces—creating unique challenges to foundation designers. To address these challenges and reduce the escalating costs associated with large-diameter monopiles (MP), this study introduces a novel hybrid foundation (HF) system. The HF integrates a shallow circular plate at the seabed with a centrally embedded monopile of reduced diameter and length, offering an alternative to conventional monopile foundations. Through a combined approach of centrifuge modeling and three-dimensional finite-element analysis, this research investigates the influence of HF pile length ( L p ) to plate diameter ( W ) and varying clay soil shear strength ( s u ) and stiffness ( E 50 ) properties on the HF lateral ultimate capacity ( H u ) under eccentric loading conditions. The centrifuge tests simulate overconsolidated clay beds under lateral and overturning loads, and results demonstrate that increasing the L p / W ratio enhances the normalized H u while higher E 50 / s u limits this improvement. Unlike conventional monopiles, the HF system shows reduced sensitivity to MP diameter. Under service load conditions, the HF reduced pile bending moments by 30%–45% and tower tip displacements by up to 200%, confirming its potential to support next-generation OWTs in cohesive soils with improved structural efficiency and cost-effectiveness.
Halide solid-state electrolytes are critical for developing high-safety, high-energy-density all-solid-state lithium batteries. However, most existing synthesis methods for halide electrolytes rely on non-equilibrium strategies, which struggle to simultaneously achieve high ionic conductivity and good stability. Here, we propose a facile one-step solid-state route that constructs a highly conductive and structurally robust crystalline-amorphous core-shell heterostructure by aliovalent doping of Hf4 +/Zr4+ into Li3YCl6. In this heterostructure, the ordered crystalline core serves as a robust scaffold, while nanocrystallites that simultaneously promote structural integrity and ion transport are embedded within the continuous, highly conductive amorphous shell. These structural features synergistically establish a three-dimensional ion migration network with low transport barriers and high connectivity, enabling Li2.6Y0.6Hf0.4Cl6 to achieve a room-temperature ionic conductivity of 1.4 mS·cm−1, a 37-fold enhancement over the pristine phase, and an activation energy of 0.30 eV. Benefiting from its excellent interfacial stability against Li–In anode, all-solid-state batteries employing the LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 cathode operate stably without a sulfide interlayer, achieving 80.8% capacity retention after 200 cycles at room temperature and 73.8% retention after 100 high-rate cycles at elevated temperature. With an additional sulfide interlayer to further optimize the interface, the cell delivers a prolonged cycle life with 87.2% capacity retention over 580 cycles. Through a straightforward solid-state doping approach, this work designs a highly conductive and structurally stable halide electrolyte, offering a new design paradigm for halide electrolytes.
Pathological Demand Avoidance (PDA) is widely depicted to be a profile that lies within the autistic spectrum; its salient feature being a strong resistance to demands due to heightened anxiety or an intolerance to uncertainty, which arguably creates a significant conflict with a schooling environment. Alternatively, there are others who argue that there is growing evidence that a PDA profile can be observed outside of the autistic spectrum (Woods, 2022). This scoping review’s objective was to explore the current available research pertaining to PDA and schooling experiences. A number of databases including Scopus, PsycInfo, Child Developmental and Adolescent Studies and the Social Science Citation Index were searched, and nine articles were selected for review based on the inclusion criteria. Analysis of the extracted data found three main themes; barriers that exist within the education system, characteristics of the PDA profile that prevent engagement in education and characteristics, approaches and interventions that help to improve schooling experiences. The findings of this review suggest that a substantial number of children and young people who present with the profile are experiencing extreme distress within their schooling environment, which is impacting their ability to learn, and contributing to exclusion and poor mental health. There are major gaps and methodological flaws that exist within the PDA literature; further research is urgently needed to address these and to help advance knowledge of the profile and assist in improving outcomes for this group of children and young people (CYP) within education. Recommendations for support to help these young people have been included.
