The Radboud University Medical Center (Dutch: Radboudumc), is the teaching hospital affiliated with the Radboud University Nijmegen, in the city of Nijmegen in the eastern-central part of the Netherlands.The Radboud University Medical Center was founded in 1956. It changed its name to UMC St Radboud and transformed to a complete new organization in 1999 by a merger of the Academisch Ziekenhuis Nijmegen (AZN) (Academic Hospital of Nijmegen) and the medical faculty of the Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen (Catholic University of Nijmegen), now the Radboud University Nijmegen. Thus, it is a semi-independent medical university and hospital, which is not directly linked to the Radboud University. In 2013 the hospital changed its name to Radboudumc in Dutch and Radboud University Medical Center in English. It is one of the largest and leading hospitals of The Netherlands, providing supraregional tertiary care for residents of a large part of the eastern section of The Netherlands.
Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are complex molecules composed of a monoclonal antibody, a linker and a cytotoxic payload. Their design enables the selective delivery of cytotoxic agents to tumoral cells through antibody binding to a tumor-expressed antigen, followed by internalization, intracellular degradation and payload release, ultimately enabling the cytotoxic drug to exert its antitumor activity. ADCs have been evaluated in phase II and III trials in previously treated advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), both in oncogene-addicted and in non-oncogene-addicted tumors, addressing resistance to standard therapies. Ongoing clinical trials are now expanding their use both in the first-line setting for advanced disease and in earlier disease stages. This narrative review summarizes the currently available data for ADC treatment in NSCLC, highlighting the need for improved patient selection to maximize benefit while limiting toxicity, incorporating clinical characteristics, pharmacogenomics and optimal treatment sequencing in the equation. Moreover, the understanding of resistance mechanisms and the development and validation of predictive biomarkers will be of utmost relevance to inform clinical practice.
Eye tracking research has been instrumental in deepening our understanding of the reading process. Growing evidence links individual differences in eye movement patterns to cognitive abilities, but these associations remain underexplored in developing readers. This study examined the feasibility of implementing large-scale eye tracking in a population-based sample of developing readers, and examined the associations between eye movement patterns, reading skill, and cognitive and motor components. Eye movement data were obtained from 713 Dutch pre-adolescents (mean age: 9.8 years), with other assessments including word reading, motor control, phonological short-term memory, non-verbal intelligence, and vocabulary knowledge. Carefully addressing demographic effects, results from linear regression analyses revealed subtle but distinct associations between individual differences in cognitive and motor skills and temporal and spatial eye movement measures. Specifically, vocabulary was negatively related to fixation duration, whereas better motor control was associated with less fixations and regressions. Findings demonstrate that large-scale eye tracking is feasible, and contribute to a more nuanced understanding of the link between eye movements and reading-related skills. Given the subtle nature of the effects, the utility of eye tracking within the general population requires careful examination.
Associated craniofacial malformations such as ocular anomalies and macrostomia are frequently seen in craniofacial microsomia (CFM). This study assessed associations between objectively measured facial morphology and clinically observed craniofacial malformations in patients with CFM in order to identify clinically significant patient clusters based on these characteristics for preferential screening purposes. In this multicenter cross-sectional cohort study, facial morphology was assessed from three-dimensional (3D) photographs using asymmetry index (ASI) and facial signature (FS) scores, as well as a principal components (PC) analysis of FS scores. Differences in ASI, FS and PC scores were calculated for patients with and without craniofacial anomalies. A clustering analysis was applied to identify patient clusters based on facial morphology and the presence of craniofacial anomalies. A total of 179 patients were included, and significantly higher ASI and FS scores were found in patients with ocular anomalies, skin adnexa-related anomalies, clefting, inner ear anomalies, speech- and language difficulties and vision difficulties compared to patients without these anomalies or difficulties. Two clusters were identified, with significant differences in PC scores, craniofacial anomalies, as well as speech- and language- and vision difficulties. Conclusion: Patients with ocular anomalies, skin adnexa-related anomalies, clefting and aural atresia, or anomalies in two or more of these groups had more facial hypoplasia, while patients with anomalies in two or fewer of these groups had less facial hypoplasia. 3D photography may be a promising tool to identify patients that should be screened for these concurrent craniofacial anomalies.
The use of standardised structured radiology reports improves the consistency, reproducibility and overall quality of radiological reporting while enhancing communication with referring physicians and ultimately contributing to improved patient care. To develop a standardised structured report template for foetal and neonatal postmortem magnetic resonance imaging through expert consensus. A Delphi survey was conducted between September and December 2025 among members of the ESPR Postmortem Task Force and other recommended international PM imaging experts. The surveyed items were derived from clinically used MRI reporting templates across the expert group. Consensus was defined using a ≥75
Bone resorption is a vital physiological process that enables skeletal remodeling, maintenance, and adaptation to mechanical forces throughout life. While tightly regulated under the physiological state, its dysregulation contributes to pathological conditions such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and periodontitis. Periodontitis is a highly prevalent chronic inflammatory disease driven by dysbiotic biofilms that disrupt the oral microbiome, leading to the progressive breakdown of the periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone and ultimately resulting in tooth loss. This review outlines the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying periodontitis, focusing on osteoclastogenesis, the differentiation and activation of osteoclasts, the primary mediators of bone resorption. Key transcriptional regulators, including NFATc1, c-Fos, and c-Src are discussed alongside major signaling pathways such as Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK), Janus Tyrosine Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK/STAT), Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB), and Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, to elucidate their roles in the initiation and progression of periodontal bone loss. These pathways orchestrate the inflammatory response and osteoclast activity, underscoring their relevance in periodontitis and other osteolytic conditions. Hallmark features of periodontitis, including chronic inflammation, immune dysregulation, and tissue destruction are highlighted, with emphasis on current and emerging therapeutic strategies targeting these molecular pathways. Special attention is given to small molecules, biologics, and natural compounds that have the potential to modulate key signaling pathways. Although advances in understanding these mechanisms have identified promising therapeutic targets, translation into effective clinical interventions remains challenging. Continued research into regulating bone-resorptive signaling pathways is essential for developing more effective treatments for periodontitis and related inflammatory bone diseases.
