The subject of the research focuses on the socioeconomic dynamics observed between employers and potential hires among hearing-impaired university graduates. The study aims to analyze the current state of employment for university graduates with hearing disabilities and to develop solutions for addressing these pressing issues by studying the opinions of employers, senior students, and graduates with hearing disabilities, using engineering students at Bauman Moscow State Technical University as an example. This study is relevant because states and societies are increasingly responsible for helping disabled individuals find employment, leading to their financial independence, social inclusion, and career success. Presently, employers can leverage HR policies for disabled individuals to meet their staffing needs. The scientific novelty of this work is the creation of new techniques to pinpoint and examine job-related problems and employee motivation within companies that accommodate diverse workers, specifically focusing on employers and recent engineering graduates who are deaf or hard of hearing. The study found that hearing-impaired university graduates face employment challenges stemming from a lack of preparation in terms of motivation and emotional readiness for independent work in a professional setting, including the associated responsibilities. Employers hesitate to hire university graduates with disabilities, largely because they lack adequate information regarding their capabilities. The conclusion is that vocational training should focus on building professional skills, self-identification within a career, and motivation for independent work to enhance employment for hearing-impaired graduates. Businesses require current details on their rights, duties, and available government aid for employees with disabilities, as well as information on hiring and advancing disabled university graduates.
Inflammatory diseases of the oral mucosa (IDOM) represent a common group of pathologies, often becoming chronic and significantly reducing patients’ quality of life. Traditional therapeutic approaches, including antiseptics, corticosteroids, and analgesics, are frequently insufficient, as they do not address the underlying causes of inflammation and fail to prevent relapses. This highlights the need for new, more effective, and pathogenetically justified treatment strategies for IDOM. The aim of this study was to analyze modern therapeutic methods aimed at improving the clinical effectiveness of treating inflammatory diseases of the oral mucosa, with an assessment of their mechanisms of action. The main hypothesis was that low-level laser therapy (LLLT), probiotic therapy, and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) could provide significant improvements in clinical outcomes and accelerate tissue healing. Materials and methods included an analysis of scientific publications in international and domestic databases (PubMed, Scopus, eLibrary) from 2015 to 2025. Clinical studies, literature reviews, and meta-analyses assessing the effectiveness of LLLT, probiotics, and PRF were included. Publications were selected based on methodological rigor, scientific validity, and availability of quantitative treatment outcome data. The results demonstrated high clinical efficacy of the investigated methods. LLLT provides rapid pain relief and accelerates tissue repair by activating cellular metabolism and improving microcirculation. Probiotics help normalize oral microbiota and reduce the risk of candidal complications. PRF accelerates wound healing through localized release of growth factors and stimulation of regenerative processes. The study concludes that these methods are advisable for inclusion in individualized, comprehensive therapy for IDOM, while standardization of treatment protocols and investigation of combined therapeutic schemes remain relevant.
Cervical cancer is a disease whose etiological factor is known (HPV), risk factors have been identified and effective screening has been developed, nevertheless, 14 % of initially diagnosed patients die in the first year after diagnosis. Population-based screening of precancerous and breast cancer, conducted in a number of developed countries in Western Europe and America, has helped reduce the incidence and mortality of breast cancer by 60–80 %. In countries with unorganized, uncontrolled screening, which of course includes the Russian Federation (RF), the percentage of female population coverage does not exceed 30–40 %. Consequently, the majority of the female population does not participate in cytological screening. This is the main reason for the low effectiveness of screening in reducing the incidence and mortality of breast cancer.
Following the results of military medical examination within the Ministry of the Interior of Russia in 2020–2025 medical and statistical analysis of dynamics and regional differences of the categories of fitness for service among the draft-age citizens was carried out. It was established, that while the general fitness rate is high (840.9–980.2 per 1000 examined persons) the figures differ significantly among the regions.
The article is devoted to the constitutional and legal analysis of the use of precedent in making court decisions. The study is based on the norms of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, which do not provide for the possibility of using judicial practice (precedent) to justify decisions on specific cases. The norms of the resolution of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and the amendments to the Arbitration Procedure Code of the Russian Federation and the Civil Procedure Code of the Russian Federation adopted at its request are considered, to a certain extent allowing the use of precedent that contradict the constitutional norms and other norms of the same codes. As a result, a proposal has been formulated for a possible way out of a situation where the use of a precedent conflicts with the Basic Law of the State.
