The institute is named after the famous Indian physicist Meghnad Saha..
Multiple cosmological observations hint at neutrino self-interactions beyond the Standard Model, yet such interactions face severe constraints from terrestrial experiments. We resolve this tension by introducing a model where active neutrinos resonantly convert to self-interacting dark radiation after BBN but before CMB epoch. This exploits the fact that cosmological observables cannot distinguish between neutrinos and dark radiation with the same abundance and free-streaming properties. Our mechanism, based on a simple type-I seesaw framework along with a keV-scale scalar mediator, achieves two objectives: (i) it produces strongly self-interacting dark radiation that imitates neutrino self-interactions favored by cosmological data, and (ii) it depletes the active neutrino energy density, relaxing cosmological neutrino mass bounds and easing the tension with neutrino oscillation data. The model naturally evades laboratory constraints through suppression of the neutrino-mediator coupling by the squared mass ratio of active and sterile neutrinos. We show that this scenario is favored over ΛCDM by the combined Planck and DESI data, while being consistent with all other constraints. Our mechanism is testable in future laboratory probes of absolute neutrino mass and searches for sterile neutrinos.
Abstract We study the impact of combining the present NOνA and T2K data with simulated data from the JUNO experiment on the determination of the leptonic CP phase and the neutrino mass hierarchy. The current NOνA data exhibit a hierarchy-δ CP degeneracy, admitting both normal hierarchy (NH) with δ CP ∈ [0, 180°], and inverted hierarchy (IH) with δ CP ∈ [180°, 360°] solutions at comparable significance, while T2K prefers δ CP ≃ 270° for both hierarchies, leading to a 2σ tension between the two experiments for normal hierarchy. Using detailed GLoBES simulations, we show that future JUNO data with excellent hierarchy sensitivity, can lift the hierarchy-δ CP degeneracy in NOνA and strengthen the hierarchy reach of T2K in spite of having no δ CP sensitivity. Allowing the hierarchy to be a free parameter in the fit, if the true ordering is IH, JUNO aligns the NOνA and T2K allowed regions and resolves their present tension; if NH is true, the tension continues to persist. We also show that JUNO’s precise measurement of |∆31| leads to improved constraints on sin2 θ 23 and δ CP for normal mass hierarchy in NOνA even though JUNO itself is insensitive to these parameters. Finally, updated solar-parameter measurements from JUNO’s first data release further enhance the combined precision. Our results demonstrate that JUNO plays a crucial synergistic role in the global neutrino-oscillation programme, enabling a more robust determination of the mass ordering and improving the sensitivity to the CP phase when combined with long-baseline data.
Recent studies have focused on the relationship between charge density wave (CDW) collective electronic ground states and nontrivial topological states. YTe3, a nonmagnetic quasi-two-dimensional chalcogenide, has been reported to exhibit a CDW state below 334 K. Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and density functional theory (DFT), we establish that YTe3 is a CDW-induced Kramers nodal line (KNL) metal, a recently proposed topological state of matter. Scanning tunneling microscopy and low energy electron diffraction reveal two orthogonal domains, each with a unidirectional CDW and a similar wave vector (qCDW). When the influence of twin domains is considered, the effective band structure (EBS) computations that utilize DFT-calculated bands using a noncentrosymmetric structure determined by x-ray crystallography, show excellent agreement with ARPES. The noncentrosymmetry of YTe3 is established by Raman spectroscopy. The Fermi surface and ARPES intensity plots show weak shadow bands displaced by qCDW from the main bands. These are linked to CDW modulation, as the EBS calculation confirms. Bilayer split main and shadow bands suggest the existence of crossings, according to theory and experiment. DFT bands, including spin-orbit coupling, indicate existence of a KNL along the E direction from multiple crossings of bands dispersing perpendicular to it. Additionally, doubly degenerate bands are only found along the KNL at all energies, with some bands dispersing the Fermi level.
We formulate Carroll hydrodynamics with the inclusion of a spin current. Our strategy relies on the fact that the c→ 0 limit of relativistic hydrodynamics yields the equations of Carroll hydrodynamics. Starting with the pre-ultralocal parametrization of the background geometry and the hydrodynamic degrees of freedom for a relativistic fluid endowed with a spin current, the c→ 0 limit produces Carroll hydrodynamics with spin. It is known that boost-invariant hydrodynamic models for ultrarelativistic fluids relevant for the physics of quark-gluon plasma, such as Bjorken and Gubser flow, are manifestations of Carroll hydrodynamics under appropriate geometric choices for the underlying Carrollian structure. In this work, we further this mapping between such boost-invariant models and Carroll hydrodynamics, now with the inclusion of a spin current.
This review has explored the fundamental principles of thermal field theory in the context of a background magnetic field, highlighting its theoretical framework and some of its applications to the thermo-magnetic QCD plasma generated in heavy-ion collisions. Our discussion has been limited to equilibrium systems for clarity and conciseness. We analyzed bulk thermodynamic characteristics including the phase diagram as well as real-time observables, shedding light on the behaviour and dynamics of the thermo-magnetic QCD medium relevant to heavy-ion physics.
