Suicide attempts in young people in India are a major public health concern but the reasons for these remain unclear. The aim of this study was to explore factors associated with suicide attempts in persons aged 15–29 years in India. We conducted a matched case–control study at a public hospital in the urban region of Pimpri-Chinchward, Pune, between 2019 and 2023. 15–29-year-olds who were admitted to the hospital following a suicide attempt (cases) were compared with 151 outpatients who presented at the general medicine department of the same hospital (controls). We administered a comprehensive semi-structured interview to participants in both groups and analysed the data using cox regression models. There were eight factors independently associated with suicide attempts. At the individual-level, these were: clinically significant depressive or anxiety symptoms over the last two weeks, previous suicide attempt, impulsivity, and low SES; alcohol use was significant only for males. Among the social factors, lack of exposure to suicide-related information in the last month, lack of social interactions over the last 12 months, and presence of interpersonal negative life events involving partners or family in the last 12 months were associated with suicide attempts. Descriptive data on life events revealed several relationship adversities, and the importance of acute interpersonal stressors in precipitating suicide attempts. A range of factors are associated with suicide attempts in young people in India which calls for a multifactorial approach towards suicide prevention. Not applicable.
Postpartum depression (PPD) negatively affects maternal well-being and early child development (ECD). While research often focuses on the early postpartum depression, symptoms can emerge or persist later in the first year, potentially affecting mothers and children differently at this stage. Yet, the 12-month postpartum period remains understudied globally, particularly in low-resourced settings where contextual stressors are pronounced. This study addresses the urgent need to understand later-stage postpartum depression and how it influences child development at 18 months, a critical period for identifying early developmental delays. We analysed longitudinal data from a cluster randomised trial of an integrated mother-child intervention in rural India (Haryana). Mother-child dyads enrolled between 18 June 2015 and 1 July 2017 were assessed for PPD at 12 months using Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and for child development at 18 months with Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-III. We examined PPD risk factors using logistic regression and the association between PPD and ECD through multinomial regression models, accounting for covariates and clustering. Among 2007 mothers assessed at 12 months, PPD prevalence was 13.1
Background:Social group memberships and group behaviors are pivotal in supporting or inhibiting adolescents' addiction recovery. Yet most research on social processes has relied on traditional surveys that cannot capture the complex nature of evolving social networks. Social Identity Mapping in Addiction Recovery (SIM-AR) asks respondents to create a visual representation, or map, of their social network, social groups, and social influences. The SIM-AR thus provides a novel, interactive, and detailed means to collect social network information, and does so in a way that is accessible and meaningful to participants. Objectives:This study aimed to pilot and adapt the SIM-AR with adolescents and young adults in addiction treatment and recovery programs so it might be used as a standardized tool for data collection. Design:This was a multi-method study that piloted the SIM-AR approach in both paper-pen and online (oSIM-AR) formats, and used this feedback to update the approach. Methods:Participants (N = 35; Ages 14-19; 71% male) were recruited from addiction treatment and recovery programs to complete a facilitated SIM-AR/oSIM-AR, brief survey, and interview (November 2020-January 2023). We engaged participants in an iterative process so the approach could be modified: 28 completed the paper-pen version and seven completed the online version. Descriptive qualitative analysis was used to examine participant interviews. Results:Adolescents found the SIM-AR process acceptable, "fun," and "helpful." The paper-pen version took ∼30 minutes (M=32.52, SD=11.07) and the online version took <15 minutes (M=13.75, SD=4.31). The paper-pen version generated longer reflection interviews than did the online format (M=25.75, SD=7.46 vs. M=9.46, SD=1.07 min.), suggesting the approaches prompted different degrees of reflection. Conclusion:Support was found for the SIM-AR as an interactive, easy-to-use, and time-efficient measurement tool with adolescents. We plan to implement the SIM-AR in recovery programs to examine whether these programs generate network change. Registration:https://osf.io/8vdcp/?view_only=02544c530b0746dd812a78b9d8c008b3; https://osf.io/4mrp6/?view_only=dca62d77b1dd4e829ea15f3ba1a90611.
Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) allocate a disproportionately small fraction of their healthcare budgets to mental health, leading to a treatment gap exceeding 75
