BACKGROUND:Despite efforts to count and verify surgical items before skin closure, retained surgical items (RSIs) continue to be reported in hospital settings. This study systematically analyzed both the impact and characteristics of RSI on patients by reviewing relevant studies published since 2000. METHODS:MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL databases were searched. Case reports or case studies reporting items unintentionally left inside the patient's body during invasive procedures were included. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed study quality using the Joanna Briggs Institute's Critical Appraisal Checklist for Case Reports. RESULTS:Data from 634 studies included 743 RSI cases across 78 countries. Incidence was higher in women aged 20-49 than in men. RSI occurred across all age groups and surgical sites, with cesarean section, cholecystectomy, hysterectomy, coronary bypass, and appendectomy accounting for 34.6% of cases. The time to discovery of RSI was 24.3 months (median), with 22.6% of cases taking over 10 years. Most patients (60.0% except not reported) initially presented to another hospital, with pain (54.9%) as the primary complaint; symptom duration was 4.1 months (median). Computed tomography was the most frequently used diagnostic method (40.3%), and RSI was confirmed prior to re-surgery in only 24.9% of patients. Surgical intervention was performed in 90.8% of cases, although some patients either declined surgery or did not receive treatment. Most types of RSI (92.0%) involved surgical items subjected to counting. While 56.3% of patients recovered well, 2.6% died. The hospital stay after surgery was 5 days (median). CONCLUSION:RSI is a socially unacceptable never event, but it continues to occur worldwide. The symptoms are often common and nonspecific, making diagnosis difficult without clear information about prior surgeries. This review highlights the ongoing problem of RSIs and emphasizes that preventing them requires multiple technical measures and a strong culture of surgical safety.
In this study, the buckling restrained braces are reinforced with engineering plastics(EP-BRB) that can compensate for the disadvantages in the manufacturing process of the existing buckling restrained brace. Performance tests were conducted on a two-story full-scale frame test. The load-displacement curve showed stable hysteresis behavior without strength reduction within the target displacement. The strength of the reinforced specimen showed a significant increase at both LS(Life Safety) level and CP(Collapse Prevention) level. Notably, the maximum strength of the reinforced frame specimen was 4.33 times greater than that of the un-reinforced frame specimen. In the future, it will be essential to conduct structural performance tests that consider various experimental variables and research finite element analysis.
Background: A parental cancer diagnosis profoundly affects the structure and function of the entire family, and school-aged children are particularly vulnerable given their cognitive and emotional developmental stage, yet the concept of stress specific to this population remains poorly defined. Aim: To analyze the concept of stress in school-aged children experiencing parental cancer treatment. Methods: Walker and Avant’s (2011) concept analysis method was applied. A systematic literature search was conducted in Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Scopus without time restrictions, and 17 studies meeting the predefined inclusion criteria were analyzed. Results: Four defining attributes were identified: loss of family stability and security, emotional confusion and role conflict, accumulation of chronic stress, and academic and social impact. Antecedents included parental cancer diagnosis and treatment initiation, the developmental characteristics of school-aged children, weakened family support systems, and limited socioeconomic resources. Consequences ranged from psychological maladjustment, academic and social difficulties, and family dysfunction to resilience and potential for positive growth with appropriate support. Conclusion: These findings highlight the need for family-centered interventions that integrate developmentally appropriate communication, emotional support, and structural role stabilization. This analysis provides a foundation for future research and intervention programs aimed at improving the well-being of school-aged children affected by parental cancer.
Background: This study explored the transition experiences of newly graduated nurses in pediatric clinical practice through the lens of Meleis's Transitions Theory and examined how simulation-based education can support this transition. Method: A qualitative study was conducted using focus group interviews with six novice nurses in a tertiary hospital in South Korea. Data were analyzed using directed content analysis based on Meleis's Transitions Theory. Results: Three major themes emerged: Difficulty Managing Caregivers' Emotions and Building Trust, Limited Age-Specific Communication Skills, and Lack of Exposure to Diverse or Complex Pediatric Conditions. Participants reported that current simulation programs emphasize technical procedures and lack preparation for the emotional and relational aspects of care. Conclusion: Emotional preparedness is a critical yet underdeveloped component of continuing education for novice pediatric nurses. Incorporating emotionally immersive and developmentally diverse simulation scenarios may enhance clinical readiness and support professional identity formation.
