The synthesis of substituted 1-[(E)-benzylidene]amino-3-[(1E,2E)-2-(hydroxyimino)-1,2-diphenylethylidene]amino-4-imino-6-(methylthio)-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carbonitriles was carried out by reacting 2-[bis(methylthio)methylene]malononitrile with (2Z)-N'-[(E)-benzylidene-2-(2-hydroxyimino)-1,2-diphenylethylidene]hydrazine-1-carbothiohydrazide derivatives in dimethyl formamide using anhydrous potassium carbonate. By replacing the methylthio group of new compounds with nitrogen nucleophiles, derivatives were produced. The structure was confirmed by spectral analysis. The newly formed compounds were tested with bacterial and fungal strains. The results obtained by the molecular docking study are in good agreement with the practical analysis of antimicrobial activities.
The top-quark Yukawa coupling is extracted from the distribution of the top-quark pair ( tt ) invariant mass in proton-proton collisions using 140 fb−1 of data at √(s)=13 TeV collected in 2015–2018 by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. In the region near the production threshold, the tt invariant mass spectrum is sensitive to electroweak virtual corrections, including contributions from Higgs boson exchange, thereby providing sensitivity to the top-quark Yukawa coupling. This is the first measurement in ATLAS that aims to obtain this coupling exploiting this approach. The tt system is reconstructed in the single-lepton final state, requiring exactly one isolated electron or muon and at least four jets with at least two identified as originating from b-quarks. The measured Yukawa coupling is found to be in good agreement with the Standard Model prediction. An upper limit on the top-quark Yukawa coupling strength of Yt < 2.1 relative to the Standard Model prediction is observed at 95
Sustainable utilization of agricultural waste in advanced polymeric materials offers an effective pathway toward environmentally responsible functional systems. In this study, cross-linked poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composite films reinforced with nitric acid-treated hard carbon (HNO3-HC) derived from rice husk were successfully fabricated and systematically investigated. Hard carbon was obtained via high-temperature pyrolysis and subsequently functionalized using nitric acid to improve interfacial compatibility and bioactivity. Composite films containing 1.0, 1.5, and 2.5-wt% HNO3-HC were prepared by solution casting followed by vapor-phase glutaraldehyde cross-linking. SEM and EDX analyses confirmed homogeneous dispersion of HNO3-HC within the PVA matrix, whereas FT-IR results indicated enhanced hydrogen bonding interactions. Incorporation of HNO3-HC improved thermal stability, increasing the glass transition temperature from 74.9 degrees C (neat PVA) to 84.3 degrees C for the 2.5-wt% composite. Water contact angle values decreased from 43.9 degrees to 34.9 degrees, indicating enhanced surface hydrophilicity. Mechanical testing revealed a transition from stiffness-dominated to ductility-dominated behavior with increasing filler content, with the highest work at break (1426 N & centerdot;mm) observed for PVA-HC-2.5. Antioxidant activity increased with filler loading, reaching 13.7% (DPPH) and 27.1% (ABTS) inhibition at 60 min for the PVA-HC-2.5 sample. Antibacterial assays demonstrated bacterial reduction of up to 72% against Staphylococcus aureus and 65% against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, also observed for PVA-HC-2.5. In addition, the lowest water contact angle (34.9 degrees) was recorded for the same formulation. These findings establish rice husk-derived HNO3-HC as a promising multifunctional biofiller for PVA, enabling the fabrication of sustainable composite films with consistent and measurable enhancements in antioxidant and antibacterial performance relative to pristine PVA.
We study the opinion dynamics in a population by considering a variant of the Kuramoto model where the phase of an oscillator represents the opinion of an individual on a single topic. Two extreme phases separated by π represent opposing views. Any other phase is considered as an intermediate opinion between the two extremes. The interaction (or attitude) between two individuals depends on the difference between their opinions and can be positive (attractive) or negative (repulsive) based on the defined thresholds. We investigate the opinion dynamics when these thresholds are varied. We observe an explosive transition from a bipolarised state to a consensus state with the existence of scattered and tripolarised states at low values of threshold parameter. The system exhibits multistability between various states in a sizable parameter region. These transitions and multistability are studied in populations with different degrees of diversity represented by the width of conviction distribution. We found that a more homogeneous population has greater tendency to exhibit bipolarised, tripolarised, and clustered states, whereas a diverse population helps mitigate polarisation amongst individuals by reaching a consensus sooner. Ott–Antonsen analysis is used to analyse the system’s long-term macroscopic behaviour and verify the numerical results. We also study the effect of neutral individuals that do not interact with others or do not change their attitude on opinion formation, nature of transitions, and multistability. Furthermore, we apply our model to language data to study the assimilation of diverse languages in India and compare the results with those obtained from model equations.
In this paper, we deal with nonsmooth mathematical programs with equilibrium constraints and its dual problems. We obtain Wolfe type dual and Mond Weir type dual in terms of quasidifferential. Further, we establish weak duality and strong duality theorems for considered nonsmooth optimization problems with equilibrium constraints under assumptions of quasidifferential invex function with respect to convex compact set. We also give some examples which verify our results and discuss the comparison between quasidifferential with other differentials.
