A novel elastomer composite featuring a segregated CNT network and dynamic imine bonds, with remarkable toughness, self-healing capability, outstanding thermal sensitivity and excellent EMI shielding for skin temperature detection.
Ultra-low-permeability clastic reservoirs, characterized by poorly developed pore structures and extremely low permeability, pose significant challenges for accurately estimating oil saturation using the Archie equation and its derivative models. The primary limitation arises from the difficulty of oil–water displacement at the pore scale, which prevents reliable resistivity measurements under low water saturation conditions in laboratory experiments. These constraints ultimately hinder both sweet-spot identification and reserves evaluation. In this work, digital rock physics is applied to construct digital rocks with varying water saturations, enabling investigation of low-saturation resistivity through pore-scale numerical simulations. By integrating core-scale experimental results with pore-scale simulation data, we propose a two-scale integrated saturation model. The Wenchang Formation in the Huizhou region is selected as the case study. Digital rocks are reconstructed from X-CT images at two resolutions. The resistivity of fully saturated rock is simulated using the finite element method, and the formation factor–porosity relationship (F–ϕ) is established through cross-plots. The resistivity of cores at different water saturations is further simulated to derive the resistivity index, and the resistivity index–water saturation relationship (RI–Sw), which follows an exponential trend in double-logarithmic coordinates. Based on these results, a new saturation equation tailored for ultra-low-permeability reservoirs is developed by integrating pore-scale simulations with core-scale experiments. The calculated oil saturation values using this model are in good agreement with sealed-core measurements, whereas Archie-based results are underestimated. The proposed model substantially improves oil saturation prediction in ultra-low-permeability reservoirs, enabling more accurate hydrocarbon reserve assessment and enhancing exploration potential in the study area.
Yttrium oxide (Y2O3) films have been widely used as protective layers in plasma etching equipment, but achieving stoichiometric films with high deposition rates remains a challenge. In this study, Y2O3 films were fabricated by a medium-frequency reactive magnetron sputtering (MF-RMS) technique. The oxygen flow and target control voltage were regulated through a closed-loop feedback control system, which effectively solved the problem. The microstructure, mechanical, optical, and plasma etching properties were systematically investigated. The results showed that near-stoichiometric films can achieve a relatively high deposition rate. Increasing the deposition temperature induced a structural transition in the Y2O3 film from a predominantly cubic phase to a mixture of cubic and monoclinic phases. For Y2O3 films deposited at room temperature, increasing the bias voltage increased the deposition rate but reduced hardness and elastic modulus. The Y2O3 film deposited at 300 °C in the near-metallic mode exhibited the highest hardness and elastic modulus, reaching 13.3 GPa and 222.0 GPa, respectively. All Y2O3 films exhibited excellent transmittance and resistance to plasma etching. This study provides an effective protective strategy for semiconductor etching chambers.
This study investigates the collaborative optimization of upgrading, retrofitting, and maintaining large offshore oil extraction equipment. It examines the key challenges and interdependencies inherent in these processes and proposes integrated solutions, including sensor-network-based monitoring and digital twin-driven management platforms. The findings demonstrate notable improvements in operational efficiency and reductions in equipment downtime, underscoring both the economic and safety benefits of the proposed approach and providing a reference framework for future optimization strategies in offshore engineering.
This paper focuses on the synergy mechanism between safe flight and economic flight in the aviation field, and conducts an analysis from three dimensions: theoretical construction, technical paths, and practical cases. At the theoretical level, a nonlinear coupling model of safety-economy collaboration is proposed to reveal the Pareto frontier characteristics in dynamic trade-offs. At the technical level, explore the dual empowerment of innovative technologies such as hybrid electric propulsion, digital twins, and blockchain on safety redundancy and operational efficiency. At the practical level, through comparisons with international airlines, reflections on typical accidents, and predictions of future scenarios, systemic risks such as the implicit nature of safety costs and the lag in technical verification are revealed. Research indicates that in the future, aviation needs to reconstruct the safety-economy balance paradigm through disruptive technologies such as quantum computing and neuromorphic chips in cross-domain scenarios like supersonic passenger transport, intercity air traffic, and space tourism. This article provides a theoretical framework and technical path reference for the sustainable development of the aviation industry in complex environments.
