Singhania University was established by the Government of [6 of 2007. It is a UGC recognized private university as per Sec. 2f of the UGC Act 1956. It is in Pacheri Bari, Jhunjhunu in the northern Indian state of Rajasthan. 2f of the UGC Act 1956..
The rapid growth of 6G networks has intensified the need for ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) and intelligent task offloading in multi-edge computing environments. This study proposes an enhanced Hybrid Double Deep Q-Network–Fuzzy SARSA (DDQN–Fuzzy SARSA) model integrating experience replay memory to achieve stable, interpretable, and real-time offloading decisions. The model combines the long-term action-value optimization of DDQN with the adaptive rule-based reasoning of Fuzzy SARSA ( λ ), while a task-failure-aware reward function incorporating Task Failure Rate (TFR) ensures rapid avoidance of congested edge nodes and reinforces QoS guarantees. A comprehensive system model considering MAN/WAN delays, VM utilisation, server coordinates, and heterogeneous IoT workloads was developed and evaluated through extensive MATLAB simulations. Results demonstrate that the proposed framework significantly surpasses standalone DQN, Fuzzy SARSA, PPO, A3C, and PSO baselines, achieving 0.35 ms latency, 99.9999
The current work examines the surface modification and improvement of tribological performance of AISI-304 stainless steel via gas and salt bath nitriding under dry sliding conditions. Although austenitic types of stainless steels have good resistance to corrosion, their surface hardness is relatively low and they have poor wear properties, thereby they are undergone with surface engineering techniques. Nitriding by gas is done for 6 h, 12 h, 18 h and salt bath treatment is done for 1 h, 2 h, 3 hrs to a temperature of 550 °C to 570 °C. Their effect on the hardness, case depth and resistance to wear is determined. SEM microstructural analysis, hardness and wear test under a load of 10 N at a speed of 1000 rpm were undergone for this experimental work. The outcomes proved the rise in hardness from 219 Hv (untreated) to 245 Hv after 3 hours of salt bath nitirding, 284 Hv after 18 h of gas nitriding with a corresponding loss in wear between 6.812 mm3 and 1.721 mm3. It was found that diffusion layer increases with the temperature and time, proving the enrichment of nitrogen and the appearance of nitrides. The experiment finds that gas nitriding at 570o C in 18 h offers the best surface qualities whereby a thick and uniform layer of nitride was formed that increases wear resistance and surface hardness significantly without loss of structural integrity.
Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic immune disorder which is triggered by the ingestion of gluten. There are increased chances of having autoimmune disorders (Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Thyroid Disorder, and Rheumatoid Arthritis and others) in people who have CD. However, there is limited research available till date on understanding the combined effect of lifestyle factors, physical, sociodemographic characteristics and immune-hematological profiles of autoimmune disorders who also had CD. This study aims to bridge this gap on understanding of associations of these parameters and help identify immune-hematological parameters that may serve as shared indicator across autoimmune conditions. This study utilised the large scale database from UK Biobank which comprises over 502,132 participants biomedical, lifestyle, diet and sociodemographic data of aged 40–70 years. To find the statistically quantifiable associations between sociodemographic, physical, and lifestyle factors and the likelihood of CD among individuals with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Thyroid Disorders, and Rheumatoid Arthritis, multivariate logistic regression models were used. Independent samples t-tests (significance level: 0.05) were conducted to compare the means of immune-hematological parameters between individuals with CD alone and those with coexisting autoimmune diagnoses. CD was consistently associated with female sex, lower BMI, and recent illness-related dietary changes across all autoimmune subgroups. Minority Ethnic Origin was inversely associated with CD diagnosis. Immune-hematological parameters revealed a high degree of similarity across the examined disease groups. Notably, the immune-hematological parameters, including monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils percentage, were found to be significantly associated between individuals with isolated CD and those with coexisting autoimmune diagnoses. The observed convergence in immune-hematological profiles across autoimmune diseases supports their potential utility as baseline indicators for early diagnosis and longitudinal monitoring. Parameters demonstrating consistent similarity across disease states—such as monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils percentage—could enhance diagnostic precision and facilitate more standardized approaches to screening in at-risk populations.
Many countries struggle with the systematic separation and disposal of medical waste, which poses significant risks of disease transmission and cross-contamination. This study synthesizes literature from 2017 to 2023 to examine the environmental consequences of improper healthcare waste management, specifically regarding soil and water ecosystems. The review establishes a direct scientific link between medical waste dumping sites and the presence of heavy metal concentrations that exceed safety thresholds in surrounding agricultural lands. A key finding of this research is the identification of a “toxic pathway” where contaminated soil and water lead to significant nutritional depletion in crops and subsequent bioaccumulation of toxins in humans and animals. Furthermore, the analysis reveals that while technical solutions exist, the primary barrier to environmental safety is a systemic failure in policy enforcement and segregation protocols within healthcare sectors. These findings provide a categorized framework for future research to quantify the long-term impact of medical pollutants on food safety and provide a foundation for developing more stringent, evidence-based waste management policies to mitigate ecological degradation.
English for Academic Purposes (EAP) and English for Occupational Purposes (EOP) are central to educational mobility and professional participation in multilingual India, yet access to effective learning remains uneven. This study investigates socio-cultural and geographic inequalities shaping EAP and EOP learning across Northern, Eastern, Southern, and North-Eastern India. A sequential explanatory mixed-methods design was employed with 200 learners, equally distributed across four regions and urban-rural locations. Quantitative data examined cultural confidence, language anxiety, learning-strategy effectiveness, access conditions, and English proficiency, while qualitative responses and interviews explored learners’ experiences in depth. Results revealed significant regional, geographic, and gender-based differences. Urban learners consistently reported higher cultural confidence than rural learners, while Eastern India showed the lowest confidence and highest anxiety. Female participants generally reported greater language anxiety, although the magnitude varied regionally. Technology-assisted learning received the highest effectiveness rating, but technology, role-playing, and family support together explained only a small proportion of proficiency variance. Qualitative findings highlighted urban-rural resource disparities, rhetorical mismatch, authority-related constraints, identity tensions, and limited transitional support between academic and professional English. The study concludes that equitable EAP and EOP provision requires culturally responsive curricula, teacher development, low-anxiety interaction, inclusive assessment, and investment in rural digital and educational infrastructure.
