A comparison of two periods (2014-2015 and 2023) was conducted to determine the levels of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners in 140 samples of 12 edible freshwater fish species marketed in Hubei Province, China. The average concentrations of indicator PCBs were 1.535 ng/g wet weight (ww) in 2014-2015 and 0.036 ng/g ww in 2023, respectively, with PCB 28 and PCB 153 identified as the dominant congeners. Lipid content, fish species, and dietary habits were identified as important factors influencing PCB accumulation in fish. Health risk assessment based on estimated daily intake (EDI) and hazard index (HI) revealed that individuals aged >= 65 years and children aged 2-7 years were the high-exposure groups in 2014-2015. In contrast, the risk of PCB exposure via fish consumption decreased significantly in 2023, which demonstrated the positive effects of China's regulatory measures for PCB control.
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1022616.].
With the growing demand for natural functional ingredients,safflower(Carthamus tinctorius L.),a traditional resource with both food and medicinal uses,has attracted increasing interest for compliant application and bioactive ingredient development in the food sector.This review summarizes the regulatory requirements and safety evidence for safflower-related food products,outlines the structural characteristics of its representative constituents including hydroxysafflower yellow A,linoleic acid,and polyphenolamides,and discusses mechanistic evidence supporting their antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,cardiocerebrovascular protective,and metabolic modulatory effects.Key challenges in the food-oriented utilization of safflower such as unclear compliance boundaries,limited processing/storage stability,inadequate quality evaluation systems,and insufficient dose-exposure-efficacy evidence are highlighted.To bridge these gaps,factors affecting the stability of safflower pigments and seed oil as well as feasible stabilized delivery strategies are discussed.A precise quality control strategy combining fingerprint profiling and multi-component quantification is proposed,and a development framework covering regulatory access,functional evaluation,raw material grading,and precision nutrition-based formulation design is established.The review aims to provide a theoretical reference for the high-value utilization of safflower resources and the development of safflower-based foods.
In this study,poly(aryl ether sulfone)with a 200%degree of chloromethylation was sequentially grafted with 4-hydro-xychalcone and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol(HBA),followed by chlorination(SOCl2)and quaternization with 1,2,4,5-tetra-methylimidazole,yielding the target polymer QPSPSF60-TMIm140.1H NMR confirmed a side-chain composition of 30%chalcone and 70%imidazolium units.Photochemical reactions of QPSPSF60-TMIm140 were carried out under UV irradiation to form cross-linked structures.Two types of anion exchange membranes with different degrees of photocrosslinking(cQPSF60-TMIm140-xmin)were prepared by UV irradiation with different crosslinking times.At 80 ℃,the uncrosslinked membrane exhibited a water uptake(WU)of 440.4%,a swelling ratio(SR)of 77.3%,and an ionic conductivity(σ)of 120.5 mS·cm-1.After 6 min of UV crosslinking,cQPSF60-TMIm140-6min showed reductions in WU and SR of 31.8%and 22.5%,respectively,while σ remained high at 110.1 mS·cm-1(only an 8.6%decrease).The crosslinked membrane also demonstrated excellent alkaline stability:after 20 days in 1 mol·L-1 NaOH at 60 ℃,it retained 90.4%of its initial ion exchange capacity and 90.0%of its original conductivity.Moreover,photocrosslinking improved the thermal and mechanical properties:the initial decomposition temperature increased by 7℃and the tensile strength rose by 8.1 MPa compared with the uncrosslinked counterpart.These results indicate that the photo-induced crosslinking strategy effectively enhances dimensional stability and alkaline resistance without significantly compromising ionic conductivity,offering a promising route to high-performance AEMs for fuel cell applications.
