Southampton General Hospital is a large teaching hospital in Southampton, Hampshire, England run by University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust.
The aim of this paper is to investigate how the presence of women on corporate boards shapes the scope of climate disclosure on energy use and greenhouse gas emissions in the context of mandatory reporting introduced by the Non-Financial Reporting Directive (NFRD). Addressing inconsistencies in prior research and the limited evidence on gender-related dynamics in compliance with mandatory disclosure, we examine whether different forms of female board representation generate heterogeneous treatment effects once the NFRD enters into force. Using a sample of 72 companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange subject to the NFRD requirements, we apply a difference-in-differences design to capture firm-level variation in disclosure behavior over time. The findings show that the introduction of the NFRD does not affect all firms uniformly: Companies with a critical mass of at least three female directors or a female board chair experience significantly stronger post-NFRD increases in the scope of climate-related disclosure. These heterogeneous treatment effects suggest that numerical representation and structural power of female directors, treated independently, condition firms’ responsiveness to mandatory sustainability reporting. The results are robust to a series of additional tests, including pooled models, sector-specific subsamples, and propensity score matching.
This study aims to identify the scope and intensity of international collaboration in research conducted by multinational firms in the pharmaceutical sector, and to investigate the key factors that determine the impact of scientific publications before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. We focus on two large multinational enterprises (MNEs) that were inventors of vaccines against the COVID-19 virus, namely the British-Swedish company AstraZeneca and the American company Pfizer. We analyze both their bilateral Research and Development (R D) collaboration and their R D connections with other entities, such as universities and other MNEs. Using bibliometric methods, a sample of 392 peer-reviewed scientific articles published jointly by authors affiliated with AstraZeneca and Pfizer was selected from the Scopus database and used as a proxy for their joint collaborative R D efforts. We show that research collaboration between competing multinationals in the pharmaceutical sector intensified during the COVID-19 pandemic, and their relations with respect to R D evolved towards “coopetition,” balancing competitive and cooperative strategies. The citation analysis of these joint papers identifies the most influential papers. Based on regression models estimating the impact of joint research measured by the number of citations in the pre- and post-pandemic periods, we found that a stronger impact is associated with the affiliation type of the lead author (academic institution), the affiliation country of the lead author (primarily the United States), and the article type (review article). Following the pandemic, having an American first author was linked to increased citations, while a greater concentration of country-level affiliation had a negative effect, highlighting both the United States’ research dominance as new researchers entered the field and the growing importance of diverse networks. These findings contribute to understanding how extreme events reshape R D cooperation and knowledge flows, offering implications for innovation management and policy.
Femvertising, a marketing approach that uses advertising to promote female empowerment, has been recognized for its positive impact on women. Although research acknowledges that femvertising elicits positive and negative emotions among consumers, it still discusses these emotions in broad terms and largely disregards male perspectives. To address this gap, this article explores and compares emotions elicited by femvertising in women and men. This research employed a qualitative approach, comprising five focus groups with 36 participants aged 20–35 (women and men). Transcripts were subject to thematic analysis in NVivo. Results show that femvertising triggers a wide range of positive, negative, and mixed emotions. Positive emotions (e.g., happiness, gratitude) were mostly reported by women, while men more frequently expressed indifference, boredom, and irritation. Both genders showed scepticism, but for different reasons: women pointed to the misappropriation of feminist values by advertising, whereas men emphasized a lack of novelty and perceived overexposure. Emotions were shaped by viewers’ perceptions of authenticity and realism in portrayals, gender imbalance, lack of novelty, repetition, misappropriation or overuse of feminist themes, and the personal relevance of these themes. As a result, five consumer profiles were identified: Proud Supporter, Saturated Sceptic, Curious Spectator, Disengaged Outsider, and Excluded Critic. By translating discrete emotions into a five-segment typology, the study specifies emotions beyond simple positive–negative valence, integrates male perspectives, and enables direct gender comparison. It also helps marketers calibrate femvertising to enhance emotions across viewer segments.
Households’ preferences, market perception and future expectations play a crucial role in shaping housing market dynamics. We conduct a survey in a period of rising inflation, high interest rates and large increases in real estate prices to study how these factors influence homebuying sentiment and decision-making. Our findings indicate that households do not exhibit systematic underreaction or overreaction to price changes. However, they hold strong expectations about future price trends, perceiving relatively low risk in the market. Notably, their short-term expectations are shaped by individual characteristics and current market sentiment, while long-term expectations remain closely aligned with actual market dynamics. Moreover, the study provides some evidence that in transition economies, homebuyers are not primarily driven by speculation or investment motives. These insights contribute to a deeper understanding of household behaviour in evolving housing markets, offering valuable implications for policymakers and market analysts.
In an era where sustainability has become a key competitive advantage in the hospitality industry, this study examines the factors that influence hotel environmental performance (HEP). Specifically, it examines how environmental transformational leadership (ETL) affects HEP, focusing on the mediating role of green psychological climate (GPC) and the moderating role of green creativity (GC). Based on the Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, this research employs a quantitative design. Data were gathered through a structured questionnaire from employees chosen via purposive sampling across various hotels. A combination of partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and artificial neural network (ANN) approaches was used to analyze the data and test the hypotheses. Results show that ETL significantly enhances GPC and GC, which in turn contribute to HEP. The PLS-SEM analysis confirms that GC moderates HEP, highlighting its vital role in achieving environmental goals. Additionally, ANN results identify GC as the most influential predictor of HEP. The consistency of findings across both methods emphasizes the importance of fostering GC to enhance environmental performance in the hospitality field. This study emphasizes the roles of ETL and GC in advancing both environmental and social outcomes within the hospitality industry. It also enhances the theoretical understanding of ETL, GPC, and GC within the context of sustainability, offering a methodological advancement.
