This study examines the static and seismic performance of sandy slopes containing 30
Objective. This study examined how trajectories of interparental conflict are associated with trajectories of adolescent emotional insecurity and their social maladjustment. Design: Participants were 181 adolescents (M age = 12.64, SD = 0.57; 50.8% female) and their parents, assessed annually for 3 years. Parallel process latent growth curve models were used to examine associations among growth trajectories of interparental conflict, adolescent emotional insecurity, and adolescent social maladjustment. Results: Higher initial levels of interparental conflict were associated with greater increases in adolescent emotional insecurity over time. Increases in interparental conflict over time were associated with concurrent increases in adolescent emotional insecurity. Adolescent emotional insecurity slope was associated with adolescent social maladjustment slope such that increases in interparental conflict corresponded with increases in adolescent social maladjustment through concurrent increases in adolescent emotional insecurity. Conclusions: This study underscores the importance of examining developmental trajectories rather than static assessments of interparental conflict, adolescents' emotional insecurity, and their social maladjustment, offering insights into how trajectories of these constructs are associated with each other.
Brands increasingly use artificial intelligence (AI) in their advertising efforts. Although extant literature has assessed AI disclosure effects, a research gap exists in disclosures of AI-generated elements in inclusive advertising. Across three main studies, AI-generated plus-size models were used to promote body positivity for a fictitious fashion brand. We recruited female participants because they remain the primary audience for body positivity messaging. This research developed a holistic theoretical model that does the following: (1) confirms the negative impact of disclosing AI-generated models in inclusive advertising (Study 1); (2) uncovers the underlying serial mechanism of social presence and brand hypocrisy (Study 2); and (3) identifies two distinct, theoretically grounded, intervention strategies to mitigate the negative effects. Study 2 found that cause concreteness (a message-based intervention) played a moderating role, whereby concrete messages mitigated the negative effects of reduced social presence on brand hypocrisy. Study 3 revealed that, in ads featuring abstract cause messaging, the addition of an AI transparency disclosure (a source-based intervention) together with the simple AI disclosure enhanced brand evaluations.
Directional control of biomolecular transport in solid-state nanopores is crucial for replicating the rectification and gating behaviors of biological channels. Here, we report material-dependent directionality in multilayer nanopores formed in SiN x + graphene + hBN and SiN x + graphene + MoS2 heterostructures using chemically tuned controlled dielectric breakdown. Transport-defined asymmetry emerges across the nanopore population, giving rise to polarity-dependent differences in capture rate and translocation kinetics over more than half a million holo-human serum transferrin (hSTf) protein events. Single-molecule analysis combined with electrostatic simulations indicates that terminal-layer composition and layer order modulate the local electric field distribution, leading to orientation-dependent transport kinetics. These results highlight that heterointerface engineering in multilayer nanopores can encode transport polarity at the single-molecule level, providing a materials-based strategy to regulate protein translocation dynamics and enhance signal separability for nanopore-based protein sensing.
Stable carbon isotopes in Holocene soils provide key insights into past climate and ecosystems. This study presents high-resolution isotope analyses of pedogenic carbonates and organic carbon from modern loess-derived soils in northern Iran across a strong precipitation gradient (150-850 mm mean annual precipitation [MAP]). Eight soil profiles span five soil orders: Alfisols, Mollisols, Inceptisols, Aridisols, and Entisols. The mean delta(13)Cpc values show strong linear relationships with MAP (delta(13)Cpc = -0.0093 & times; MAP + 1.8878; R-2 = 0.98) and with the ratio of precipitation to potential evapotranspiration, P/PET (delta(13)Cpc = -8.6842 & times; P/PET + 1.608; R-2 = 0.99), indicating that delta(13)Cpc reliably reflects moisture availability during carbonate formation. Values range from -6.2 parts per thousand in wetter sites to -0.1 parts per thousand in dry areas, reflecting changes in soil respiration and CO2 flux. delta(13)Coc values (-25.6 parts per thousand to -23.3 parts per thousand) indicate dominant C-3 vegetation and exhibit a bimodal response to precipitation, increasing from arid to semiarid zones and decreasing in wetter forests. Oxygen isotopes in carbonate (delta(1)(8)Opc = -7.9 parts per thousand to -6.6 parts per thousand) show limited climate sensitivity, reflecting precipitation mainly from the Caspian Sea with minimal evaporative enrichment. Overall, delta(13)Cpc, delta(13)Coc, and delta(1)(8)Opc provide robust proxies for soil moisture, vegetation structure, and water sources, supporting paleoenvironmental reconstruction in loess systems.
