Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (SRIHER), formerly Sri Ramachandra University (SRU), formerly Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute (SRMC & RI), is a private institute located in Porur, Chennai, India. SRIHER consists of nine constituent colleges and faculties with more than 6000 students. SRIHER was founded by Sri Ramachandra Education & Health Trust on September 11, 1985 by N. P. V. Ramasamy Udayar. It was founded as a medical college, and was awarded the deemed to be university status in September 1994.
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) constitute a unifying molecular axis across various cancer therapy modalities and are primary regulators of regulated cell death (RCD). Generally, cancer cells function under high oxidative stress to maintain proliferation, making them vulnerable to therapeutic approaches that push RONS levels above their survival threshold. The purpose of this review is to consolidate mechanistic evidence linking redox modulation to therapeutic efficacy. We analyzed current literature regarding standard and emerging anticancer modalities, including radiotherapy, proton therapy, FLASH therapy, chemotherapy, cold atmospheric plasma, photodynamic therapy, and engineered nanoplatforms. We specifically examined the molecular mechanisms by which these therapies induce mitochondrial ROS accumulation and trigger distinct cell death pathways. Our literature review indicates that these diverse modalities achieve tumor selectivity by increasing mitochondrial ROS beyond cytotoxic limits. When combined strategically, they further promote tumor-specific oxidative stress, maximizing therapeutic efficacy while minimizing damage to healthy tissues. We also highlight the critical biosafety considerations and regulatory frameworks necessary for the safe clinical translation of these RONS-based treatments. Redox-modulating strategies can address critical challenges, including chemoradiation resistance, metabolic rewiring, and the persistence of cancer stem cells. We propose that RONS-centered therapeutic design represents a viable strategy to improve the efficacy of contemporary cancer treatments by combining redox biology with cutting-edge therapeutic engineering. This graphical abstract depicts how various cancer treatment modalities cause RONS-mediated oxidative stress, hence activating different cell death pathways in cancer cells.
This study aimed to investigate adherence to a six-week prophylactic swallowing exercise (PSE) program delivered in two service delivery modes among patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) undergoing (chemo)radiotherapy (C)RT in South India. The study also explored the influence of patient-related and clinical factors on adherence rates. In a prospective study at a quaternary care hospital, 104 HNC patients were randomized to clinician-directed (n = 53) or self-directed (n = 51) PSE programs. The clinician-directed group received weekly in-person supervision by a speech-language pathologist, while the self-directed group practiced independently at home with weekly phone counseling. All received pre-treatment counseling and standardized instructions for a 6-week PSE program involving 10 exercises (mobility swallowing), performed three times daily, six days a week. Adherence was tracked using weekly logs and calculated as a percentage of completed repetitions (1,800/week; 10,800 total), categorized as high (≥ 76
Tinnitus is defined as the perception of sound(s) without external stimulation. It causes distress and is associated with psychological conditions like anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbance. It affects a significant proportion of the population in India. However, there are no standard established tinnitus treatment programs. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is proven to effectively reduce tinnitus-related distress and improve quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT) adapted to Indian English for tinnitus management in the Indian population. The study used a pre-post intervention design and included 24 adults with chronic subjective tinnitus. They completed an 8-week ICBT program adapted from Beukes et al. (Internet Interv 6:6–15, 2016, Am J Audiol 29:97–109, 2020). Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) were used to assess tinnitus severity, anxiety, and depression pre- and post-intervention. TFI scores were significantly reduced post-intervention. HAM-A and HAM-D scores were also significantly reduced. The post-intervention scores had a large overall effect on tinnitus severity as well as anxiety and depression, with 62
Abstract Background and objectives The present study aimed to develop a training module for adults to improve speech-in-noise (SPIN) ability and to derive normative scores for this program in adults. Subjects and methods The study was carried out in two phases: 1) the development of a training module and 2) the administration of the training module to normal-hearing individuals to derive normative cut-off scores. In the initial phase, a material containing lists of 50 activities in the Tamil language to improve SPIN using different signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) from 15 dB SNR to -5 dB SNR, including various types of noise such as environmental noise (fan noise), white noise, single speech babble, multi-speech babble, and cafeteria noise for sentences and words, was developed. These recorded materials were administered to a group of 36 normal-hearing individuals within the age range of 18 to 30 years in the second phase. The mean and the confidence interval for each activity were analyzed to derive cut-off scores. Results The overall mean SPIN scores decreased with the reduction of SNR. The mean SPIN scores were more than 90% for up to +5 dB SNR and reduced to between 80 and 90% at 0 dB SNR; scores further dropped to between 60 and 80% at -5 dB SNR. The participants reported more difficulty with the cafeteria noise, single-speech babble, and multi-speech babble. At the lowest SNRs of 0 dB and -5 dB, participants perceived sentences easier than words. The obtained 90% confidence interval for each activity was used as a cutoff score. The score was used as a reference to move to the next activity. Conclusion Cut-off scores of activities listed in training modules vary depending upon the SNR, type of stimuli, and noise in the normal hearing population. This indicates the necessity for activity-specific normative cut-offs to maintain the motivation level of participants.
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage kidney failure worldwide. Genetic factors contribute to inter-individual and population-specific susceptibility to DKD. Data from South Indian populations are limited, highlighting the need for region-specific genetic association studies in DKD. This case–control study included 125 South Indian individuals: 60 patients with diabetes and proteinuria (DKD), 34 patients with diabetes without kidney disease, and 31 healthy controls. Genomic DNA was isolated and nine variants were genotyped using amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR). Variant frequencies were compared among groups. In-silico pathogenicity prediction tools and Odds ratio (OR) with 95
