Despite substantial progress in healthcare applications driven by large language models (LLMs), growing concerns around data privacy, and limited resources; the small language models (SLMs) offer a scalable and clinically viable solution for efficient performance in resource-constrained environments for next-generation healthcare informatics. Our comprehensive survey presents a taxonomic framework to identify and categorize them for healthcare professionals and informaticians. The timeline of healthcare SLM contributions establishes a foundational framework for analyzing models across three dimensions: NLP tasks, stakeholder roles, and the continuum of care. We present a taxonomic framework to identify the architectural foundations for building models from scratch; adapting SLMs to clinical precision through prompting, instruction fine-tuning, and reasoning; and accessibility and sustainability through compression techniques. Our primary objective is to offer a comprehensive survey for healthcare professionals, introducing recent innovations in model optimization and equipping them with curated resources to support future research and development in the field. Aiming to showcase the groundbreaking advancements in SLMs for healthcare, we present a comprehensive compilation of experimental results across widely studied NLP tasks in healthcare to highlight the transformative potential of SLMs in healthcare. The updated repository is available at Github
To facilitate its goal of fostering department transformation, the Partnership for Undergraduate Life Sciences Education (PULSE) organizes some of its work into five geographic regions and leverages the expertise of the PULSE Fellows in each region. This article examines how these Regional Networks have driven department-level changes through outreach activities, use of the PULSE Rubrics as a diagnostic tool to help departments to advance the Vision and Change recommendations, and implementation of the PULSE framework to address local needs and challenges. We present impact data through Regional Network activities and identify commonalities in successes and challenges across all the geographic regions. Through reports from the Northeast, Southeast, Southwest, Northwest, and Midwest Great Plains, we highlight each Regional Network’s accomplishments in influencing the adoption of PULSE strategies to implement the Vision and Change recommendations to transform departments.
A bstract In type IIB supergravity (SUGRA), in the extremal background of a number N c of D3-branes we consider a number N f of probe D7-branes extended along all four D3-brane directions, ( x 0 , x 1 , x 2 , x 3 ). Using ( x 2 , x 3 ) to define complex coordinates $$ \left(z,\overline{z}\right) $$ z z ¯ and defining the D7-branes’ worldvolume scalars as $$ \left(y,\overline{y}\right) $$ y y ¯ , we prove that any holomorphic function y ( z ) or antiholomorphic function $$ y\left(\overline{z}\right) $$ y z ¯ is a BPS solution of the D7-branes’ equations of motion preserving $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = (4, 0) or (0, 4) supersymmetry (SUSY) along ( x 0 , x 1 ), respectively. In the near-horizon geometry, five-dimensional Anti-de Sitter (AdS) spacetime times a five-sphere, the AdS/Conformal Field Theory correspondence states that type IIB SUGRA is holographically dual to four-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = 4 supersymmetric SU ( N c ) Yang-Mills theory at large N c and large ’t Hooft coupling, and the N f D7-branes are dual to N f $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = 2 hypermultiplets in the fundamental representation, i.e. flavour fields. Our D7-brane solutions are dual to a position-dependent hypermultiplet mass m that is holomorphic, m ( z ), or antiholomorphic, $$ m\left(\overline{z}\right) $$ m z ¯ . We provide field theory proofs, valid for any N c , N f , and ’t Hooft coupling, that such m preserve $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = (4, 0) or (0, 4) SUSY along ( x 0 , x 1 ). We also perform holographic calculations with probe D7-branes to show that the theory with such m has zero energy and zero expectation value of the mass operator, and that a zero of m is dual to a superconformal defect described by chiral fermions along ( x 0 , x 1 ).
We studied spatial changes in soil bacterial microbiome composition and diversity in a 111 acres old growth mixed hardwood forest plot in Long Island, NY. Forty soil samples were collected from four forest transects across the forest plot representing various soil features, and dominant vegetation. Three phyla account for 91% of the bacteria in the samples, Acidobacteriota (43%), Proteobacteriota (30%), and Actinobacteriota (18%). We also found 16 different classes and 33 orders. Sites dominated by black birch, Betula lenta were significant more diverse than all other sites. We also found significant differences in microbiome composition based on pH and vegetation.
Let R be either the ring of Lipschitz quaternions, or the ring of Hurwitz quaternions. Then, R is a subring of the division ring D of rational quaternions. For S C_ R, we study the collection Int(S, R) = {f E D[x] f (S) C_ R} of polynomials that are integer-valued on S. The set Int(S, R) is always a left R-submodule of D[x], but need not be a subring of D[x]. We say that S is a ringset of Rif Int(S, R) is a subring of D[x]. In this paper, we give a complete classification of the finite subsets of R that are ringsets. (c) 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.
