STI West Negros University

This paper aims to determine how assessment is aligned with pedagogy and learning spaces through a rapid literature review. This methodology facilitates the analysis of newly published data to identify and summarize available information regarding different approaches. The reviewed and analyzed literature highlighted the nature of various learning spaces. Pedagogical approaches were organized according to specific learning spaces, while assessment approaches were aligned with these pedagogical approaches. The findings showed that learning space is clearly defined as distinct from the learning environment; physical, virtual, and hybrid learning spaces were explained; and the transformation of schools into venues for active learning spaces was expounded. Notably, the literature showed that a learning space is more specific than a learning environment. It refers to a place where learning related to curriculum implementation takes place. The use of various learning spaces has implications for teachers’ utilization of assessment as a tool for learning improvement. Creating an active learning environment, a learner-centered approach grounded in constructivist theory, responds to the need for knowledge construction by focusing on activities and strategies that foster higher-order thinking skills. It is recommended that schools transform themselves from traditional classrooms into dynamic and active learning spaces where learners are actively involved in the teaching and learning process. Such transformation would require the integration of key elements, namely: (a) active learning pedagogy; (b) active learning spaces; and (c) activity-based assessment.

Children in conflict with the law constitute a highly vulnerable population within juvenile justice systems, particularly in low- and middle-income contexts where institutional resources are constrained. This qualitative phenomenological study explored the lived experiences of 10 detained children residing in a social development centre in the Philippines. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions and analyzed using Moustakas’ modified Stevick–Colaizzi–Keen method. Six themes emerged: disrupted educational trajectories, constrained family support, emotional and psychological distress, ambivalent perceptions of rehabilitation, unmet vocational needs, and institutional limitations. Building from these findings, the study advances custodial opportunity strain theory, which conceptualizes detention as a form of secondary strain that stabilizes behaviour while simultaneously restricting access to educational, vocational, and relational opportunities necessary for long-term desistance. Findings highlight the importance of opportunity-restorative rehabilitation and have direct implications for counselling practice, trauma-informed care, and reintegration-focused interventions for justice-involved youth.

This study examined the effectiveness of peer support programs in enhancing police officers’ well-being, focusing on resilience, sense of belonging, and coping mechanisms. A quantitative, correlational research design was employed, involving 284 officers from the Bacolod City Police Office in the Philippines. Data were analyzed to determine the relationship between peer support and well-being indicators, as well as the influence of demographic variables, including age, sex, and years of service. Findings indicated that peer support programs were perceived as highly effective in improving officers’ well-being across all measured domains. However, no significant differences were observed when grouped according to demographic factors, suggesting that peer support interventions provide consistent benefits regardless of individual characteristics. These results support key theoretical frameworks, including Social Support Theory, Stress and Coping Theory, and Resilience Theory, which emphasize the role of social networks and adaptive coping in managing occupational stress. The study concludes that peer support programs are an essential component of law enforcement wellness strategies. Institutionalizing structured peer support systems and integrating them into broader mental health initiatives are recommended to enhance officer resilience, morale, and overall effectiveness.

Violence against women and children (VAWC) is a pervasive global issue affecting individuals, families, and communities through physical, sexual, psychological, and economic abuse. Investigators in the Women and Children Protection Desk (WCPD) face unique challenges in ensuring survivor safety while holding perpetrators accountable. This study explored the experiences of female police officers, focusing on the challenges they encounter, the coping strategies they employ, and the ways these experiences shape their ability to support victims. Data analysis revealed six emergent themes: Empathetic Responses and Gender Sensitivity; Overcoming Barriers in Victim Cooperation and Societal Stigma; Managing Emotional Resilience; Utilizing Coping Mechanisms; Overcoming Reluctance and Building Trust in Supporting Victims; and Empowering Through Comprehensive Support. Findings highlight the critical role of female officers in providing compassionate assistance despite challenges, such as victims’ reluctance to pursue legal action or forgive abusers. Emotional resilience and coping strategies, including peer support networks and solution-focused approaches, are essential for officers to manage the emotional demands of their work. Based on these insights, it is recommended that the Philippine National Police implement comprehensive training on empathy, gender sensitivity, effective communication, and confidentiality, and provide counseling and emotional support resources. These measures aim to strengthen officers’ capacity, support victim protection, and enhance community trust in VAWC interventions.

The pandemic significantly impacted all aspects of human life, including the experiences of female persons deprived of liberty (PDLs) in correctional institutions. Understanding their lived experiences is crucial in developing programs that promote holistic reformation and help them reintegrate as law-abiding citizens upon returning to their communities. This study explored the experiences of female PDLs during the pandemic, focusing on the problems they encountered inside the rehabilitation facility and their coping mechanisms. A qualitative research method was employed, involving eight female PDLs from the Metro Bacolod District Jail–Female Dormitory. Colaizzi’s method of data analysis was used to interpret the findings, resulting in six emergent themes: resiliency and resourcefulness behind challenges, realizations over difficulties, behavioral adjustments as a key to survival, positive reinforcement for change and growth, well-balanced physical and mental health, and faith and optimism. The problems encountered mainly related to basic human needs, prompting the development of behaviors such as resilience, patience, and optimism to adapt and survive within the facility. The study also found that the informants experienced growth in their physical, mental, and spiritual well-being despite the challenges. It is recommended that jail administrators continue implementing restorative programs and enhance their consideration of the basic human needs of female PDLs to ensure the continued effectiveness of rehabilitation efforts.