Subsea, oil and gas production is an exciting area of growth for oil companies operating in deepwater across the world. As energy demands increase, improving subsea production could play a crucial role in supplying the world's energy. This paper aims to show that Drag Reducing Agents (DRA) could help to improve subsea production through analyzing historical DRA performance in multiphase applications and provide recommendations for which systems could benefit from the use of DRA. While subsea DRA injection has not been implemented, this paper summarizes the development, testing, and benefits of a full-scale prototype subsea DRA storage and injection unit which is qualified for an offshore DRA demonstration. The technology is covered by numerous patents issued and pending in the US and other countries.
This paper demonstrates the importance of robust subsurface description integrated with quantitative, risk-based well integrity assessment in underpinning a pragmatic isolation strategy for well abandonment in the case of a "complex well". The integrated approach provides an objective and quantitative approach compared to traditional qualitative tools such as Bow Tie analysis and risk matrices. It advances the state of knowledge by quantifying the impact of complex geological and operational uncertainties, and by integrating these insights into a structured risk comparison framework to support decision making for plug and abandonment (P&A) design and monitoring planning, as well as regulatory compliance, and communication with stakeholders. The proposed approach is demonstrated through a case study of a temporarily abandoned well located in a highly depleted reservoir. The results demonstrate how a thorough Subsurface Basis of Design (SSBoD), coupled with quantitative risk-based modelling can improve understanding of well-specific leakage risks and support safe, cost-effective abandonment decisions, while accounting for complex reservoir and well conditions, operational risks, and costs. The well P&A model evaluates long-term leakage and crossflow risks for alternative abandonment designs under various reservoir recharge and leaking fluid scenarios, while accounting for uncertainties such as cement integrity. The well P&A model is then, following established industry best practice, integrated with the subsurface model to simulate fluid migration through overburden layers. The integrated model enables analysis of the impact of cross flow on risk of leakage to surface from nearby wells or faults.
THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF GASTROENTEROLOGY NURSES AND ASSOCIATES, INC., AND THE CANADIAN SOCIETY OF GASTROENTEROLOGY NURSES AND ASSOCIATES DEDICATED TO THE SAFE AND EFFECTIVE PRACTICE OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND ENDOSCOPY NURSING The author declares no conflicts of interest.
