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The article is devoted to the study of the anodic behavior of the Zn0.5Al alloy doped with erbium. An acidic medium (HCl) was chosen as the corrosion medium for the study. By adding erbium (0.01÷1.0%) to the initial alloy, alloy samples of different compositions were obtained. The anodic behavior of these alloys was studied using the potentiostatical method. With increasing HCl concentration (0.001÷0.1N) in an acidic environment, the corrosion rate of the alloys increases. When alloying the Zn0.5Al alloy with erbium, its anticorrosive properties change. Erbium additives (0.01÷0.1%) reduce the corrosion rate of the Zn0.5Al alloy by 2–3 times.
The article is devoted to the adoption of digital technologies and AI-based solutions in agriculture in Tajikistan. It is shown that the adoption rate of most innovative technologies does not exceed 15% and drip irrigation is used by not more than 5.6% of producers. Large agricultural enterprises use new technologies more actively than small enterprises, dehkan farms, and individual entrepreneurs. The best practical effect is observed when using agricultural drones. At the "Javoni" farm, treating 1 hectare with drones took about 7 minutes, resulting in yield increases of 15–20%. At the "Chavoni" farm, the coverage of plant protection measures increased from 43.0 to 72.7%, and labour productivity rose from 4.85 to 20.6 m2•h−1. The main difficulties include insufficient financing, weak innovation infrastructure, and a shortage of technical support and qualified personnel. It is shown that expanding digitalization requires preferential financing, operator training, the development of UAV service centers, and the integration of farm-level, satellite, soil, and meteorological data.
Phosphors with efficient NUV absorption and NIR-II emission are important for low-cost, high-performance infrared LEDs. Here, we report a high-purity and NUV-excited Nb5+/Ni2+ codoped Ca3Ga2Ge3O12 garnet NIR phosphor, in which Ca3Ga2Ge3O12 serves as the matrix, Ni2+ acts as the NIR emitting center, and Nb5+ functions as the charge compensator. When excited at 415 nm, Ca3Ga2Ge3O12: Ni2+ shows an NIR-II emission band peaking at 1470 nm with an FWHM of 255 nm. The introduction of Nb5+ as a charge compensator further enhanced the near-infrared emission, i.e., with 1 mol% Nb5+, the intensity of optimal Nb5+/Ni2+ co-doped phosphor reached 148 % of that of Ni2+ solo-doped sample. DFT calculations reveal that both Ni2+ and Nb5+ preferentially occupy the GaO6 site, in which Nb5+ doping could effectively reduce the distortion index and eventually results in enhanced Ni2+ NIR-II emission. Furthermore, Nb5+ incorporation enhanced the thermal stability of the NIR-II emission. An NIR-II pc-LED prototype incorporating Ca3Ga2Ge3O12: Ni2+, Nb5+ phosphor was fabricated and further enables covert information detection and night-vision. This study confirms that the charge-compensation strategy is an effective approach for developing NIR phosphors with enhanced optical performance.
Introduction. Climate of Tajikistan is shaped by geographic location, complex topography, elevation, atmospheric circulation, and surface characteristics. It is marked by aridity, intense heat, and strong seasonal variation in temperature, humidity, precipitation, and solar radiation. Average annual temperatures range from +17 °C in the south to −6 °C and below in the east; absolute extremes reach −63 °C (Eastern Pamirs) and +48 °C (southwest). Annual precipitation varies from 70-160 mm in lowland and highland deserts to over 1800 mm in the central part of the country. The study examines temperature and precipitation changes (1991-2018) and snow cover dynamics (2005-2020) on the southern slopes of the Gissar Range. The analysis covers changes in meteorological conditions and their impact on the hydrological regime of the Varzob River over two periods: 1981-2000 and 2001-2020. Purpose of the research. To determine changes in meteorological conditions of the Varzob River basin and their impact on the river's hydrological regime over the last two decades of the 20th century (1981-2020) and the first two decades of the 21st century (2001-2020). Materials and Methods. Meteorological data from the Agency for Hydrometeorology of Tajikistan (TMS-84 monthly records) were used. Data were processed in MS Excel; trends were identified by the least square’s method using linear equations (y = ax + b) for temperature and precipitation, and a four-variable polynomial trend (y = ax⁴ + bx³ + cx² + dx + f) for river discharge. Terrain analysis was performed using SRTM imagery and QGIS. Results. 1. In 2001-2020 vs. 1981-2000, mean annual temperature rose by 0.3 °C in Dushanbe, 0.8 °C in Khushyary, and 1.5 °C in Maikhura; at Anzob it decreased by −0.1 °C. 2. Mean annual precipitation for 1981-2020: Anzob – 455.7 mm, Maikhura – 1057.2 mm, Khushyary – 1263.7 mm, Dushanbe – 598.9 mm. A decreasing precipitation trend was observed throughout the Varzob Gorge. 3. Seasonal precipitation (1981-2020): Anzob – 459.3 mm, Maikhura – 1059 mm, Khushyary – 1263.6 mm, Dushanbe – 604.9 mm. In highland areas ~70% of annual precipitation falls in winter and spring; in the basin interior – 75%; in Dushanbe – 80%. 4. Mean annual discharge of the Varzob River: 47.4 m3/s (1981-2000) and 48.9 m3/s (2001-2020), an increase of 1.5 m3/s. 5. The correlation between annual precipitation and mean annual temperature is very weak at all stations (strongest at Anzob, r = 0.025). The strongest precipitation–runoff correlation is between Khushyary station and Dakhana post (r = 0.582); the weakest temperature–runoff correlation is between Maikhura station and Dakhana post (r = −0.239). Resume. Analysis of long-term hydrometeorological data shows that in 2001-2020, compared with 1981-2000, mean annual temperature and river discharge tended to increase, while annual precipitation declined. Interannual correlation between precipitation and temperature is very weak across the basin; the precipitation–discharge correlation is stronger than the temperature–discharge correlation. Suggestions for practical applications and directions for future research. The findings can be applied to climate change research, glaciology, snow cover assessment, water resource management, and regional climate studies.
A recurring strand of physical education (PE) scholarship presents PE as a distinctive or especially promising site of embodied learning. Yet although such claims are rarely advanced as an explicit doctrine, they become open to a scalar reading when they intersect with literatures that operationalise embodiment through gradable features such as bodily engagement, immersion, anthropomorphic cueing, and bodily awareness; on this reading, PE appears not merely embodied but more embodied than other subjects. Through a theory-led critical discourse reading of policy-facing, PE, and interdisciplinary embodiment texts, this article traces the interpretive slippage by which locally defined operational measures travel into curriculum discourse and make that reading plausible. Drawing on embodied cognitive science and Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology, it argues that embodiment is a structural condition of cognition, not a quantity unevenly distributed across subjects. On this basis, it rejects embodiment hierarchies, proposes cognitive parity, and reframes embodied pedagogy around the quality of body-environment-task coupling, developing five principles spanning perception, action, reflection, and the inclusive organisation of bodily difference.
