Indonesia is advancing a transition of its waste management system from the traditional disposal-oriented model to an integrated resource management framework. Refuse-derived fuel (RDF) serves as the core strategy for this transition: it can reduce reliance on landfills while generating fuel with high calorific value. Existing research has rarely examined the socioeconomic factors that influence the long-term effectiveness of RDF systems. This study focuses on community-level RDF projects in Indonesia and uses Powersim software to simulate the dynamics of various interrelated elements within the system. In this study, project sustainability is operationally defined as the annual RDF briquette output (kg/year), which serves as a proxy for the system's capacity to maintain material flows and operational continuity over time. Under the baseline scenario of 10 years of standard operation, the model indicates that both community empowerment and project sustainability decline by approximately 9.5% (calculated as [(82.60 − 74.76) / 82.60] × 100%). The core drivers of this decline are insufficient profitability, a per-ton production cost of 28 to 63 US dollars, and technical limitations. On this basis, this study puts forward a two-tier support scheme that includes three internal pillars and three categories of external policies.
Mangrove ecosystems are characterized by steep redox gradients, high organic matter accumulation, and periodic tidal fluctuations that shape unique microbial communities. Among them, exoelectrogenic microorganisms exhibit extracellular electron transfer (EET) capabilities that support survival under dynamic environmental conditions. This review synthesizes studies on mangrove-derived exoelectrogens, focusing on microbial diversity, electrochemical characteristics, EET mechanisms, and microbial fuel cell (MFC) applications. Particular attention is given to adaptive extracellular electron transfer (adaptive EET), defined as the ability of microorganisms to adjust or switch electron transfer pathways in response to changing redox conditions. Unlike previous reviews that mainly discuss direct electron transfer (DET) and mediated electron transfer (MET) separately, this review integrates both mechanisms within an adaptive framework. The analysis highlights the metabolic flexibility and redox-responsive behavior of mangrove exoelectrogens that may contribute to stable bioelectrochemical performance under complex environmental conditions. Furthermore, the implications of these adaptive traits for wastewater treatment using MFCs are discussed. This review provides a conceptual perspective linking mangrove environmental adaptation with EET dynamics and identifies key knowledge gaps for the development of resilient bioelectrochemical systems.
Olive, argan and carob agro-industrial by-products represent a strategic resource for the development of integrated biorefineries within a circular bioeconomy. This review analyzes valorization strategies applied to by-products from these three Mediterranean tree species with different structural characteristics. The analysis begins with a compositional characterization of these by-products and classifying them into three functional groups based on their cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and soluble sugar contents. Based on this compositional framework, a cascading valorisation approach is structured around three main pathways. A product-driven approach targets the extraction of high-value bioactive compounds,followed by biochemical conversion of carbohydrate-rich fractions and thermochemical valorization of recalcitrant residues. The integration of artificial intelligence, life cycle assessment and techno-economic analysis within smart biorefinery frameworks is further discussed as a key enabler for sustainable process design.
Access to clean water remains a significant environmental and public health challenge in many semi-urban areas of Indonesia, including Bojonggede, where rapid population growth continues to increase pressure on existing water infrastructure. Although previous studies have examined water accessibility and governance, limited research has explored how community-based environmental assessments can support data-driven approaches for improving local water management. This study aimed to assess clean water access in Bojonggede, identify key challenges experienced by residents, and examine the potential of digital monitoring for sustainable water management. A descriptive quantitative survey is collected involving fifty residents (n=50) was conducted using a convenience sampling. Data on water sources, accessibility, quality, safety, household usage, health-related concerns, and community perceptions were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings shows that the groundwater wells remain the primary water source, while respondents reported concerns regarding water quality, seasonal shortages, and drinking water safety. This study suggests that structured data collection and simple digital monitoring can support evidence-based decision-making and strengthen sustainable water governance in semi-urban communities through improved environmental monitoring, infrastructure planning, informed policy development, and resource management.
Greenhouse production in hot and semi-arid regions such as Morocco faces increasing pressure from climate variability, water scarcity, and rising energy demand. Conventional control strategies often address climate, water, and energy management separately, leading to suboptimal system performance under constrained resources. This study proposes a climate-adaptive greenhouse management framework that integrates passive-first cooling strategies with an expert-informed Model Predictive Control (MPC) approach within the Water–Energy–Food (WEF) nexus. First, passive cooling techniques—including natural ventilation, shading, radiative control, and ground-coupled systems—are used to reduce baseline thermal loads and limit energy consumption. However, their performance remains highly dependent on environmental conditions. To enhance adaptability, an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is employed to incorporate agronomic expertise into the control strategy by assigning priority weights to key variables such as temperature, irrigation, humidity, lighting, and CO 2 . These weights are embedded into the MPC formulation, enabling dynamic and priority-driven optimization. The results demonstrate that this hybrid approach improves control performance, ensures better resource allocation, and enables a graceful degradation mechanism under constraints. Overall, the proposed framework offers a scalable and robust solution for sustainable greenhouse operation in hot and semi-arid climates.
