Volgograd State Medical University is located in Volgograd which is situated in the southern part of Russia on the west bank of the Volga River. It started as Stalingrad Medical Institute founded in 1935. In 1993 it received the status of the Academy, and in 2003 it was granted the status of the University. It is currently headed by the prominent Russian scientist, Academician of the Russian Academy for Medical Sciences, Professor Vladimir I. Petrov.The University is accredited by the Russian Ministry for Education for the teaching of both Russian and overseas students. Since 2000 the Volgograd State Medical University has got an opportunity to teach foreign students in the English language.
Mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs) play a significant role in the pathogenesis of a number of internal diseases, including heart failure, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease. Their excessive activation contributes to the development of inflammation, fibrosis, tissue remodeling, and the development of cardiovacular-kidney-metabolic syndrome. The effectiveness of MR antagonism in promoting cardiac and renal protection has been confirmed by large experimental and clinical studies. However, there are significant differences in pharmacological properties between steroidal and nonsteroidal MR antagonists. This article presents the characteristics of MR antagonists registered in the Russian Federation, including their clinical effects, safety profile, and indications for use. Particular attention is paid to the drug selection algorithm, taking into account individual patient characteristics and the balance of potential benefits and risks. The material is based on current European and Russian clinical guidelines and is intended for practical use by internists in the management of patients with cardiovascular and renal diseases.
The intensity of pain is one of the most important indicators that are taken into account when making a diagnosis in the context of providing medical care to a patient. The aim of the study was to analyze the features of pain perception in patients with removable dentures in case of injury to the oral mucosa using a visual analog scale. Materials and methods: As part of a prospective study, a comprehensive examination of 42 patients (20 men and 22 women) with dental defects using removable dentures was performed. The key complaint that prompted patients to seek correction of orthopedic structures was pain of varying intensity associated with traumatization of the oral mucosa. To standardize the assessment of pain, a 10-point visual analog scale (VAS) was used, based on the patient's subjective perception of pain intensity. Statistical data processing was carried out using the STATISTICA 10 software package. The Student's criterion was used to analyze parametric indicators. The level of statistical significance was assumed at p 0.05. Results: Analysis of the VAS data revealed significant differences in the subjective assessment of pain depending on gender and the nature of the damage to the oral mucosa: the severity of pain on a 10-point visual analog scale in men was (4.57 ± 0.02) points, in women – (5.38 ± 0.03) points (p 0.05). Thus, based on the pain assessment, the presence of moderate pain syndrome was noted in the examined patients. Conclusions: Pain syndrome was detected in 100 % of the examined patients, which underscores the urgency of the problem of trauma to the spinal cord when using removable dentures. Given the gender of the patient, it is difficult to objectively assess the "average" pain in a group including patients of both sexes. However, in clinical practice, the individual assessment of pain by the patient is of primary importance, rather than the average group indicators.
The antidepressant properties of DAB-21 a compound with anxiolytic activity, were studied in C57BL/6 mice after modeling chronic unpredictable mild stress. In the Porsolt swim and tail suspension tests, the effect of DAB-21 was similar to that of amitriptyline, imipramine, and fluoxetine. In the open field test, the substance did not stimulate the motor activity of animals, which excludes the pseudo-antidepressant effect. HPLC analysis of monoamines and their metabolites in the frontal cortex showed that the 5-HIAA/serotonin ratio in animals treated with DAB-21 was 0.1, which is closest to that in the fluoxetine group. These findings suggest that the anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of DAB-21 are mediated via the serotonergic pathway.
Tricyclic 1-(3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-[1,4,6]-thiadiazocino[4,3-a]-indol-12-yl)methanamides were synthesized as pyridine complexes using one-pot, four-component amino- and thiomethylation reactions of 1Н-indole with formaldehyde, secondary amines, and 1,2-aminothiol. C(sp2)-Thio- and/or N-aminomethylated indole derivatives were selectively obtained by three-component reaction of 1H-indole, 1H-indol-3-ylacetic acid (heteroauxin), or 3-dimethylamiomethyl-1H-indole (gramine) with formaldehyde and sulfur-containing amine. According to cytotoxicity assays in vitro, these products had favorable safety profiles. In an in vivo model of experimental osteoarthritis, 12-((dimethylamino)methyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-[1,4,6]-thiadiazocino-[4,3-a]-indole-4-acetate pyridine solvate showed anti-inflammatory activity comparable with that of diclofenac. Furthermore, a molecular docking investigation was conducted to gain insight into the binding mode of the most promising compounds via the active sites of COX-1 (PDB ID: 3n8x) and COX-2 (PDB ID: 1pxx).
The main objective in performing staged minimally invasive surgical correction of portal hypertension, as a basis for the prevention and treatment of portal bleeding, is the correct selection of initial and subsequent interventions while adhering to the concept of an individualized approach. Objective . To improve the outcomes of treatment and prevention of portal bleeding in patients with liver cirrhosis. Material and research methods . A comparative controlled study was conducted on the treatment outcomes of 295 patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension between 2006 and 2025. Group 1 ( n = 109) underwent staged combined minimally invasive surgical treatment and prevention of portal bleeding. Group 2 ( n = 84) consisted of patients who received only endoscopic methods. Group 3 ( n = 102) included patients who received only conservative therapy. Research results . The frequency of complications after endoscopic procedures didn’t depend on a history of bleeding and was the same in groups 1 and 2. The correlation between functional class and the development of complications after minimally invasive azygoportal disconnection ( n = 65) was not statistically significant ( p = 0.491). Inverse correlations were found between the initial sagittal size of the spleen and the baseline levels of thrombocytopenia and leukopenia in patients who received splenic blood flow reduction. After transjugular portosystemic shunting, regression of esophageal and gastric varices was noted in 81.58 % of cases ( p < 0.0001). The most common combination was endoscopic band ligation of esophageal varices, azygoportal disconnection surgery, and splenic blood flow reduction ( n = 21). The choice of the initial method depended on the presence or risk of bleeding. Group 3 had a much higher mortality (7 times higher) than group 2 ( p < 0.0001). In group 1, the mortality rate is 3 times lower than in group 2 ( p < 0.0001). Conclusion . The use of minimally invasive surgical correction of portal hypertension, following an individualized approach based on the predominant complication, allows for a reduction in mortality.
