Tra Vinh University is a public university, was formed regarding the Decision No. 141/QĐ/2006-TTg dated on June 19, 2006 by the Prime Minister, located at No. 126, Nguyen Thien Thanh, Ward 5, Tra Vinh city, Tra Vinh Province, Vietnam..
The swamp eel (Monopterus albus) is a freshwater species widely cultured in Southeast Asia due to its high nutritional and economic value. Vitamin C is required for antioxidant defense, immune function, and collagen synthesis as a cofactor for fish health and growth. This study examined the effects of five dietary vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) supplement levels (0, 80, 140, 200, and 260 mg/kg) in pellet feed on the growth performance and hematological indices of M. albus juveniles. A 60-day feeding trial was carried out using a completely randomized design with three replicates on the juveniles (initial average sizes of 5.61 g and 18.69 cm) in rectangular Styrofoam basins with a volume of 16.4 liters. From day 15 onward, most of the weight growth parameters progressively increased with dietary vitamin C levels (80-260 mg/kg), with significant improvement at >.200 mg/kg (P <. 0.05); however, there was no difference between 200 and 260 mg/kg (P >. 0.05). Length growth parameters did not differ significantly at vitamin C levels of 80-200 mg/kg (P >. 0.05), but significant differences in length means, daily length gain, and specific length growth rate were observed between 260 and 0 mg/kg (P <. 0.05). There was no significant difference in most hematological indices at the treatments (P >. 0.05), except for mean corpuscular hemoglobin, which declined significantly at >. 200 mg/kg (P <. 0.05). Mid-sized cells and granulocytes showed no consistent response to the tested vitamin C levels. The findings indicate that dietary vitamin C had minimal effects on hematological indices, with 200 mg/kg recommended as the optimal supplementation level for rearing M. albus juveniles under the study conditions.
This study investigates the influence of financial derivatives on bank credit risk, accounting for heterogeneity across derivative types, risk measures, and banking structures. The analysis is based on a panel of 68 large banks from 21 countries over the period from 2010 to 2024 and employs the two-stage instrumental variable (IV) approach. Both accounting-based (Z-score) and market-based (Distance to Default) indicators are measured to capture different dimensions of credit risk. The findings reveal that the effects of derivatives are specific to each instrument on credit risk. Interest rate, equity, and commodity derivatives consistently mitigate credit risk, reinforcing their role as effective hedging tools. Conversely, foreign exchange and credit derivatives display ambiguous or risk-increasing effects, particularly when assessed using market-based measures. Additional evidence suggests that the use of derivatives contributes to higher credit risk in bank holding companies compared to commercial banks, which reflects differences in institutional complexity and risk-taking behavior. These results underscore that derivatives are not inherently stabilizing or destabilizing, highlighting the necessity for regulation that is specific to each instrument and the implementation of comprehensive risk assessment frameworks.
In advanced semiconductor manufacturing, copper interconnects fabricated via the dual damascene process rely heavily on chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) to achieve global planarity and defect-free surfaces. However, achieving optimal material removal uniformity, minimal dishing in recessed features, and low surface roughness remains challenging for through-silicon via (TSV) copper structures on patterned wafers. To address these issues, this study developed a novel quasi-static downforce simulation apparatus combined with the quadrat method for asperity spatial analysis to elucidate the role of polishing pad layer architecture in CMP performance. Multi-scale nano-indentation and real-time contact imaging were employed to compare the monolithic IC1000 polishing pad with the bilayer ICSU polishing pad. Results revealed that the ICSU polishing pad, owing to its compliant Suba™ IV sub-layer, exhibits greater asperity deformability, higher real contact area ratio (approximately 8–12
Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) tools such as ChatGPT and Grammarly have rapidly entered English as a Foreign Language (EFL) education, offering new opportunities for feedback and learning autonomy while raising ethical concerns. This exploratory study examined Vietnamese translation students' perceptions of GenAI through the combined lenses of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Self-Determination Theory (SDT). A survey of 44 undergraduates measured self-report ratings on perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEOU), autonomy, competence, and ethical use using a 32-item Likert-scale questionnaire. Results revealed uniformly high self-perceptions across all constructs, indicating strong subjective acceptance and confidence. Correlational analyses showed significant positive relationships among all variables, while regression analyses demonstrated that PU significantly predicted competence and autonomy, and competence alone predicted ethical use. These findings suggest that students' ethical engagement with GenAI stems primarily from their perceived competence rather than ease or usefulness alone. The study highlights a developmental shift from mere AI acceptance toward ethical empowerment, emphasizing competence-based ethics and autonomy-supportive pedagogy. Integrating TAM and SDT provides www.earticle.net a holistic framework to understand how cognitive beliefs and motivational needs jointly shape responsible AI literacy in EFL education. Pedagogical implications include designing guided AI literacy tasks that transform technological utility into ethical capability.
AIMS:Amphotericin B (AmB) is the first-line antifungal compound for severe fungal infections, yet it possesses high renal toxicity, low water solubility, and acidic instability in the stomach. Herein, we developed novel nanoparticles from silk fibroin with/without Eudragit E100 (FNP and FNP/EE) for the controlled oral delivery of AmB. METHODS AND RESULTS:The particles were formulated by two different methods of co-condensation and adsorption, which yielded comparable particle sizes of ~1500 nm (FNP-AmB) and ~800 nm (FNP/EE-AmB) and AmB entrapment efficiencies of >70%. AmB was rapidly adsorbed onto the particles by physical processes, which followed the Langmuir and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models and Weber-Morris intraparticle diffusion model. The particles structures were confirmed by the FT-IR, DSC, and XRD spectra. The particles effectively protected AmB in the gastric environment, with limited AmB releases (<20%), and controlled AmB releases in the intestines, followed Korsmeyer-Peppas model. Moreover, AmB was encapsulated in partial aggregated form, with was less toxic than the free AmB; and the particles showed no hematotoxicity and adequate in vitro antifungal activity. CONCLUSIONS:The particles solved the AmB limitations by (1) protecting AmB from the gastric environment, (2) controlling AmB release, (3) reducing AmB toxicity, and (4) preserving AmB efficacy.
