Tsurumi University (鶴見大学, Tsurumi Daigaku) is a private university in Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.Tsurumi University traces its origin to Tsurumi Girls' High School, which was established in 1925. In 1953, Tsurumi Girls' Junior College was established, and it was chartered as Tsurumi Girls' University in 1963. In 1973, the name was changed to Tsurumi University, when boys were admitted. It continues as a co-ed university.Tsurumi University comprises the School of Dental Medicine (six-year program), the School of Literature (four-year program), and Tsurumi Junior College (two-year program for the Department of Early Childhood Care and Education and three-year program for the Department of Dental Hygiene). Graduate programs are available in both the School of Dental Medicine and the School of Literature.The Tsurumi University School of Literature has four departments: Japanese Literature, English and American Language and Literature, Cultural Properties, and Library, Archival and Information Studies.At Tsurumi University, there are 498 faculty members for a student population of 3099 (2014 data).Some major facilities of Tsurumi University are the Tsurumi University Dental Hospital, the Tsurumi University Library, the Institute of Buddhist Culture, and the Tsurumi University Center for International Exchange.The official mascot characters of Tsurumi University are Tsurumin and Tsurutan. The university is well-known in Japan for having a strong baseball program.Tsurumi University is between the cities of Kawasaki and Yokohama, close to Tokyo. Access is by the JR Keihin-Tohoku, Tsurumi and Keikyu lines, as well as the Yokohama Municipal Bus System. Students come from all over Kanagawa Prefecture and the Greater Tokyo Area, as well as from other regions of Japan.
Osseointegration of bone apatite with dental implants requires the formation of a rigid and stable interface between these materials. However, the interfacial structures of Ti implants remain poorly understood, particularly in relation to the TiO2 polymorph at the implant surface. The roles of these interfaces in macroscopic bone-Ti bonding therefore remain unclear. Herein, we examined the interfaces between bone-like hydroxyapatite (HAP) and two substrates, namely, commercial Ti with a brookite surface, and an anatase thin film on single-crystal Si. During cell culturing, 5-13-nm-thick amorphous layers formed on both surfaces, which were found to be rich in C and O and deficient in N. This observation contrasts with previously reported 20-50-nmthick protein-based layers. Although these amorphous layers formed regardless of the TiO2 polymorph, the layer on anatase was thinner and had a higher C/O at% ratio than that on brookite. Under electron-beam irradiation, HAP instantly delaminated from both amorphous layers, revealing extremely weak bonding. This contradicts the prevailing notion that the amorphous layer aids bone-Ti bonding. The adhered layer of cells and HAP peeled off the Ti substrate easily, as confirmed by macroscopic peel strength tests, which was ascribed to the weak HAP-amorphous layer bonding. By contrast, a ceria-stabilized zirconia substrate with no amorphous layer had a markedly higher macroscopic peel strength. Surface treatments of Ti implants that prevent amorphous layer formation would improve the bonding strength to HAP, resulting in better clinical performance.
Aim: To develop clear, evidence-based, and standardized guidelines for the design, selection, and clinical use of implant abutments and prosthetic components in order to optimize the biological, mechanical, and esthetic performance of the implant supracrestal complex. Methods: A panel of 10 expert clinicians and researchers in prosthodontics participated in the Osstem Global Consensus Meeting. For the present consensus meeting, a scoping review was performed in advance and discussed among the participants. A comprehensive search of the literature was performed up to June 2025. Two reviewers (M.T. and F.G.) independently conducted screening, data extraction, and quality assessment using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. The evidence was synthesized and discussed by the panel of expert clinicians during the consensus meeting. After that, guidelines were developed using a 14-question questionnaire to formulate consensus-based clinical recommendations. The participants answered structured questions and discussed discrepancies to achieve a consensus. Results: The panel of expert clinicians reached a consensus on several prosthetic key points. Concave abutment profiles and emergence angles <30° promoted peri-implant tissue stability, while convex designs and wider angles increased risks of bone loss and peri-implantitis. Titanium remains the reference abutment material in posterior sites, while zirconia provides superior esthetics anteriorly, and hybrid abutments balance strength and esthetics. Conclusions: Prosthetic design and abutment material selection critically affect peri-implant tissue stability and esthetic outcomes. The evidence supports screw-retained designs, platform switching, and the “one abutment–one time” approach for predictable long-term success.
Background The rapid development of large language models (LLMs) has raised questions about the continued educational value of conventional assessment formats in health professions education. This study evaluated how examination type, search access, image-based question characteristics, and item format influenced LLM accuracy in Japanese national licensing examinations for physicians, dentists, and pharmacists. Methods Questions from the 2025 academic-year Japanese national licensing examinations administered in early 2026 were analyzed, including 400 medical, 360 dental, and 345 pharmacist questions. Multiple LLMs were assessed under search-on and search-off conditions. Questions were classified by examination type, image presence, image type, and item format. Accuracy was determined using official answer keys, and item-level comparisons were performed using McNemar and chi-square tests. Holm-adjusted sensitivity analyses were conducted to account for multiple comparisons. Results Accuracy was highest in the medical examination, intermediate in the pharmacist examination, and lowest in the dental examination. Search access did not consistently improve performance and significantly reduced accuracy in selected model–examination combinations. Image-based questions substantially decreased accuracy, particularly in the dental examination, with reductions of approximately 17 to 28 percentage points; these dental image effects remained significant after Holm adjustment. In contrast, most item-format differences did not remain statistically significant after correction. Conclusions LLM performance in licensing examinations was strongly influenced by domain, search access, and visual characteristics, whereas associations with response format were less consistent and model-dependent. These findings may inform assessment design and AI literacy education by clarifying how domain, visual demands, search access, and response structure influence LLM performance. Future assessments should prioritize construct-relevant professional competencies and evaluate both independent reasoning and the critical, ethical use of AI.
Purpose Malocclusion affects oral function and systemic health; however, its integrated mechanisms remain unclear. Further, previous studies have focused on anteroposterior discrepancies, and the systemic significance of lateral dentofacial abnormalities is unclear. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the relationships between dentofacial morphology and psychosomatic function in patients with malocclusion and identify factors associated with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD).Materials and methods This multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted across five Japanese universities in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and STROBE guidelines. Consecutive patients aged 11–65 years scheduled to initiate comprehensive orthodontic treatment with multibracket appliances between January 2023 and May 2025 were enrolled (n = 287). Psychological status, physical and oral function, general and oral health–related quality of life (QOL), and dentofacial morphology using lateral and posteroanterior cephalograms were compared between patients with and without GERD, defined as FSSG-positive GERD (FSSG score ≥ 8). Intergroup comparisons and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed with adjustments for age and sex.Results The prevalence of FSSG-positive GERD was 33.5%. The GERD group was significantly older with greater mandibular lateral deviation, higher anxiety and daytime sleepiness, and poorer oral health–related QoL. Multivariate analysis identified mandibular lateral deviation (odds ratio [OR] 2.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.36–5.35) and oral health–related QoL (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.19–3.64) as independent factors associated with GERD.Conclusion Mandibular lateral deviation and impaired oral health–related QoL were independently associated with GERD, suggesting a close relationship between lateral dentofacial abnormalities and systemic function.
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM:The relationship between occlusal plane inclination and the position and dynamic behavior of the hyoid bone remains unclear despite the hyoid bone's critical role in oral and airway functions. PURPOSE:This study aimed to investigate the influence of occlusal plane inclination on both the static position and dynamic behavior of the hyoid bone. MATERIAL AND METHODS:Cephalometric analysis evaluated the spatial relationship between the hyoid bone and the cranial base in the intercuspal position and mouth-opening positions. Correlations between occlusal plane inclination and hyoid-related parameters were analyzed using the Pearson or Spearman correlation coefficients, with partial correlation adjusted for age and number of missing posterior teeth. RESULTS:In the static evaluation, the occlusal plane inclination correlated positively with the cranial base-hyoid angle (∠CB-Hy), indicating that steeper planes were associated with a more posterior hyoid position. In dynamic evaluation, changes in the mandibular base hyoid angle (∠MB-Hy) showed a significant negative correlation with occlusal plane inclination (P=.007). Occlusal plane morphology also corresponded with differences in mandibular and hyoid movement. CONCLUSIONS:Occlusal plane inclination affected both static alignment and dynamic movement of the hyoid bone, potentially influencing airway patency and oral function. Integrating these findings should contribute to prosthodontic diagnosis, treatment planning, and clinical practice.
