Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University

This paper proposes an algorithm for generating a realistic current profile for laboratory testing of a single lithium-ion battery cell, based on a simplified but physically-informed dynamic model of an electric vehicle’s motion. In contrast to conventional standardized driving cycles, the algorithm links the kinematics of vehicle motion with the electrical characteristics of the system. Taking into account rolling resistance, aerodynamic drag, inertial forces, motor efficiency, and energy recuperation, the instantaneous power and current are calculated. Based on a WLTC-like speed profile, defined by nodal points and smoothed by interpolation, a long discharge cycle is generated, adapted for a single cell through power scaling. The resulting current profile preserves essential features of real-world EV operation, including rapid acceleration transients, regenerative braking events, and dynamic load variations. Consequently, the generated profile provides a robust benchmark for the comparative evaluation of state-of-charge (SoC) estimation techniques, particularly those employing Kalman filter-based methodologies

Physical inactivity in industrial pig farming negatively impacts reproduction. Most researchers associate physical inactivity with metabolic disorders, decreased productivity, and a shortened lifespan of animals. However, the impact of prolonged confinement on the morphology of the oviducts and their vascular bed has been insufficiently studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate morphofunctional changes in the oviducts and their vascular bed in sows subjected to prolonged physical inactivity over five generations. The reproductive organs of ten Large White sows were used: five experimental sows (kept confined to confinement) and five control sows (kept in confinement). The methods used included anatomical dissection, vascular injection with contrast material, radiography, morphometry, histology, silver impregnation, and statistical analysis. In the experimental animals, the oviduct length was found to be 5.3 cm shorter, the diameter was 0.1–0.8 mm shorter, the muscular layer in the isthmic portion was 300 µm thinner, and the number of mucosal folds was reduced by 2–4. A decrease in the number of arterial vessels approaching the oviduct and a decrease in their diameter were noted. The microcirculatory bed was depleted: capillary density was reduced by 30–40%, and the vascular cell size was increased by 42 µm. In the control group, there were 49 capillaries per 1 mm², while in the experimental group, there were only 33. Moreover, control animals showed more pronounced oviduct looping and better development of the muscular and epithelial layers. The obtained data are consistent with the studies of other authors who have noted morphofunctional changes in internal organs during physical inactivity. This indicates persistent adaptive-maladaptive changes in the reproductive system and depletion of the body's compensatory capacity. The identified morphological changes must be taken into account when selecting breeds adapted to industrial production, as well as when assessing the effectiveness of breeding efforts.

This article presents the development of a hardware-software complex for automating the parameter identification process of mathematical models of rechargeable batteries. A key limitation of conventional methods is their high labor intensity and prolonged duration, caused by the necessity of multiple charge-discharge cycles with extended relaxation periods to obtain the open-circuit voltage (OCV) versus state of charge (SoC) dependency. The proposed complex, based on industrialgrade equipment (Rigol DL3021 programmable electronic load and RIDEN RD6024 laboratory power supply with coulometry functionality) and Python 3.10 software, provides full experimental automation while minimizing human factor influence. The core innovation is the implementation of a non-uniform measurement grid: a 2% SoC step on nonlinear curve segments (0–20% and 70–100% SoC) and a 10% step on the linear segment (20–70% SoC), which reduced experimental duration by more than 50% with small accuracy loss. Validation on lithium-ion batteries with a nominal capacity of 3000 mAh confirmed the high precision of the identified second-order Thevenin model: the root mean square error was 3.3 mV during constant-current discharge, while testing under pulsed load with recuperation yielded a maximum voltage error below 0.0527 V. The modular architecture of the complex ensures flexibility, scalability, and adaptability for various battery chemistries and hybrid models incorporating thermal effects and aging phenomena

The relevance of the study is due to the necessity to solve the problem of shortage and retention of teaching staff in educational organizations. Currently, schools of young teachers, problem seminars, advanced training programs, individual educational routes, and mentoring are used to overcome professional and personal diffi culties of starter teachers. Mentoring is the most promising form of support for young teachers at their workplace. However, the mentoring potential of pedagogical universities is not fully utilized. Traditional scientifi c and practical events are an eff ective way to increase this demand. This fact determined the purpose of the paper: to study the dynamics of the problem fi eld and determine the trends of scientifi c dialogue at the V International Scientifi c and Practical Conference “The New Generation of Professionals in Education: Mentoring in the Formation of Future and Young Teachers”. Participants: mentors, young teachers, students of pedagogical universities, and students of psychological and pedagogical classes. The main results include the identifi cation of problems that determined the content of the traditional scientifi c and practical conference “The New Generation of Professionals in Education”: the development of professional competencies, career development support for young teachers, their personal potential realization in the face of the challenges of the 21st century, the organization of educational activities based on the integration of values, and the mentoring of future and young teachers. The similarity of problems and the focus on fi nding solutions together strengthens partnerships and cooperation between universities, in particular, by Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I. N. Ulyanov and Saratov State University named after N. G. Chernyshevsky. Conclusions: the study of the problem field dynamics and the trends of the conference scientific dialogue revealed the possibilities of mentoring in the system of continuous pedagogical education. The organization of international conferences is an effective method of supporting young teachers and a condition for the development of mentoring. Practical significance: the conference is a platform for productive dialogue, discussion, and testing of theoretical and practical achievements that allow providing support of young teachers and the development of mentoring in education.

Aim. To determine how a reason for assessment influences evaluation in A. P. Chekhov’s story “Opinions on a Hat Disaster.” Methodology. During the study, text analysis in the aspect of the evaluation category, methods of observation, generalization, and interpretation were applied. Results. The analysis showed that the general evaluation in the story is expressed verbally or derived from the context and depends on the reason for evaluation. The reason for evaluation is such characteristics of the subjects as their gender and social status. Research implications. The results of the research contribute to the description of the evaluation category.