Background: The textile industry generates substantial volumes of dye-contaminated wastewater, posing severe environmental and health risks due to the persistence, toxicity, and resistance to biodegradation of synthetic dyes such as Crystal Violet (CV) and Methylene Violet (MV). This study aimed to develop a sustainable and efficient nanocomposite adsorbent by combining green-synthesized titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles with chitosan (CS) to address the limitations of conventional dye removal methods, including high cost, energy consumption, and generation of harmful by-products. Methods: TiO2nanoparticles were synthesized via a green route using crude aqueous ginger extract, with synthesis optimized by a Box-Behnken design considering extract volume (1-5 mL), titanium precursor concentration (0.1-0.5 M), and calcination temperature (400-500 degrees C). The optimized TiO2nanoparticles were immobilized in chitosan beads to fabricate the CS@TiO2nanocomposite. The material was characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDS, BET, and pHPZC analyses. Adsorption performance was evaluated through kinetic, isotherm, thermodynamic, reusability, and DFT studies, and validated using real textile wastewater. Findings: The optimal conditions (5 mL CAE, 0.3 M precursor, 400 degrees C) produced mesoporous TiO2nanoparticles with a BET surface area of 150.49 m2 g 1 and a particle size of 10.38 nm. Chitosan incorporation increased the surface area to 201.24 m2 g 1 with an average pore diameter of 8.25 nm. CS@TiO2reached adsorption equilibrium within 120 min, following pseudo-second-order kinetics (R2=0.992 for CV and 0.989 for MV) and the Langmuir model, with maximum capacities of 165.84 mg g 1 for CV and 132.84 mg g 1 for MV. Adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic, with Delta G degrees values of-6.26 to-7.84 kJ mol1 for CV and-3.86 to-4.59 kJ mol1 for MV. DFT showed a reduction in the HOMO-LUMO gap from 5.27 to 1.20 eV, while CV exhibited higher global softness (1.65 eV1) than MV (0.26 eV1). In real textile wastewater, the nanocomposite removed 87.75% COD, 75.00% BOD5, and 98.35% electrical conductivity, with near-complete decolorization, and retained 67.77% CV removal after five cycles, confirming its potential as an efficient and reusable adsorbent.
The transition from a centralized to a decentralized energy network has grown significantly. As a result, bidirectional energy platforms for consumers and producers have been established. In support, technological advancement in distribution networks is carried out, encouraging local consumers to participate in energy production, leading to the emergence of LECs, empowering them to captivate, generate and share renewable energy. A comprehensive review of LECs is presented in this paper, addressing their operational characteristics, control strategies, market interactions, regulatory frameworks, and real-world implementation challenges. Moreover, the paper provides the technical challenges related to grid integration, economic, and regulatory policies associated with peer-to-peer interaction are some of the hindrances in deploying a successful LEC strategy. The paper identifies a critical gap between the academic and real-world environment that can be bridged through realistic assumptions, adaptive control strategies, and measurements of cyber threats. Additionally, pilot projects are assessed to understand the feasibility and impact of LECs in real-world environments. This study proposes the requirements for establishing advanced network and monitoring technology, dynamic pricing strategy, and revised regulatory policies for the successful implementation of the LEC strategy.
Throughout this research, a predictive temperature programmed desorption (TPD) model was constructed based on the Arrhenius formula. The Arrhenius formula was gingerly fine-tuned based on data obtained in the experiments to ameliorate the model’s predictability and precision. The foremost model aims to evaluate the influence of different additives applied to MgH2 and contrast their capability compared to recognized additives in the literature. TPD measurements are a lengthy and high-priced process, so being able to simulate an additive that has the potential to be effective when applied to MgH2 is crucial. A TPD predictive model capable of simulating the desorbed hydrogen as a function of temperature is proposed, which can aid in selecting suitable MgH2 additives, minimizing the necessity for extensive experimental work. This model can be regarded as a high-yield strategy to refine hydrogen storage materials and boost the progression of more efficient hydrogen storage technologies.
Soil moisture (SM) plays a vital role in both hydrological and agricultural processes and is critical for achieving groundwater sustainability in agriculture through demand management. NASA's Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellite measures the SM across the Earth and provides data on both the surface and root zone SM but at a coarse spatial resolution of 9 km, thereby limiting detailed analyses. This study aimed to develop an optimized deep ensemble learning framework to downscale the resolution of SMAP observations of California's Central Valley from 9 km to 30 m for both the surface and root-zone SM. Sensitivity analysis was employed to identify key explanatory variables. The models were then combined into an ensemble DNN trained on multiscale SMAP data and validated against in-situ SM measurements. The results demonstrated that the ensemble model achieved the highest coefficients of determination (R2) of 0.789 and 0.683 for surface and root-zone SM, respectively, with the lowest root mean square errors of 0.0281 and 0.0814 cm3/cm3, respectively, along with the highest NSE scores of 0.50 and 0.433, thereby reliably capturing spatial patterns and predictive accuracy. A sensitivity analysis identified precipitation, LST, topographic factors, land cover, and vegetation indices as key predictors for SSM, while organic matter, silt content, precipitation, and DEM were the most influential for RZSM. Seasonal analysis revealed distinct patterns linked to climate and management practices at a spatial resolution of 30 m, thereby capturing seasonal variations in soil moisture among major crops. Additionally, SM maps can be used to refine the estimated evapotranspiration resulting from applied irrigation water sourced from groundwater pumping, allowing for better monitoring of water use. SM can also be used to inform agronomic practices, such as delayed irrigation in early spring, which can reduce groundwater demand.
The present study examined the corrosion inhibition property of two derivatives of 8-hydroxyquinoline, namely diethyl 1,1-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-((8-hydroxyquinoline-5-yl)methyl)-2, 6-dimethyl-1, 4-dihydropyridine-3,5-diyl) diethanone (P1) and diethyl 1,1-(4-(4-bromophenyl)-1-((8-hydroxyquinoline-5-yl)methyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-diyl)diethanone (P2). against mild steel (MS) degradation in 1.0 M hydrochloric acid (HCL) solution. The study was carried out using electrochemical techniques such as dynamic potential polarisation (DPP) and impedance spectroscopy (EIS) at different temperatures (298-328 K). Inhibition efficiency (IE %) increased with inhibitor concentration, reaching 97.0% for P1 and 91.8% for P2 at 10-3 M (298 K). Impedance measurements indicated that charge transfer resistance (Rct) increased, while double-layer capacitance (Cdl) decreased with increasing concentration of P1 and P2. Analysis of the polarisation curves shows that P1 and P2 act as mixed-type inhibitors. According to the Langmuir isotherm and thermodynamic parameters, P1 and P2 are adsorbed onto the mild steel surface by chemical interactions. The SEM/EDX analysis results revealed the formation of an adsorption film on MS. DFT calculations show that free heteroatom doublets of oxygen (O) and nitrogen (N) promote electron sharing between the molecules studied and the steel surface. Data from theoretical methods (DFT) confirm the experimental results. La pr & eacute;sente & eacute;tude a examin & eacute; la propri & eacute;t & eacute; d'inhibition de corrosion de deux d & eacute;riv & eacute;s de l'hydroxyquinol & eacute;ine-8, & agrave; savoir la di & eacute;thyl 1,1-(4-(4-chloroph & eacute;nyl)-1-((8-hydroxyquinol & eacute;ine-5-yl)m & eacute;thyl)-2,6-dim & eacute;thyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-diyl)di & eacute;thanone (P1) et la di & eacute;thyl 1,1-(4-(4-bromoph & eacute;nyl)-1-((8-hydroxyquinol & eacute;ine-5-yl)m & eacute;thyl)-2,6-dim & eacute;thyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-diyl) di & eacute;thanone (P2), contre la d & eacute;gradation de l'acier doux (MS) dans une solution d'acide chlorhydrique (HCl) 1.0 M. On a r & eacute;alis & eacute; l'& eacute;tude & agrave; l'aide de techniques & eacute;lectrochimiques telles que la polarisation potentiodynamique (PDP) et la spectroscopie d'imp & eacute;dance (EIS) & agrave; diff & eacute;rentes temp & eacute;ratures (298 & agrave; 328 K). L'efficacit & eacute; de l'inhibition (% IE) augmentait avec la concentration d'inhibiteur, atteignant 97.0% pour P1 et 91.8% pour P2 & agrave; 10-3 M (298 K). Les mesures d'imp & eacute;dance ont indiqu & eacute; que la r & eacute;sistance au transfert de charge (Rct) augmentait, tandis que la capacitance de la double couche (Cdl) diminuait avec l'augmentation de la concentration de P1 et de P2. L'analyse des courbes de polarisation montre que P1 et P2 agissent comme des inhibiteurs de type mixte. Selon l'isotherme de Langmuir et les param & egrave;tres thermodynamiques, P1 et P2 sont adsorb & eacute;s sur la surface de l'acier doux par interactions chimiques. Les r & eacute;sultats de l'analyse de MEB/EDX ont r & eacute;v & eacute;l & eacute; la formation d'un film d'adsorption sur le MS. Les calculs de la th & eacute;orie fonctionnelle de la densit & eacute; (DFT) montrent que les doublets d'h & eacute;t & eacute;roatomes libres d'oxyg & egrave;ne (O) et d'azote (N) favorisent le partage d'& eacute;lectrons entre les mol & eacute;cules & eacute;tudi & eacute;es et la surface de l'acier. Les donn & eacute;es des m & eacute;thodes th & eacute;oriques (DFT) confirment les r & eacute;sultats exp & eacute;rimentaux.
