The University of Kisangani (UNIKIS) is located in the city of Kisangani in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It was founded in 1963 by Protestant missionaries as the Free University of the Congo (French: Université libre du Congo, ULC); it was transformed into part of the National University of Zaire in 1971, and in 1981 was separated from that National University, along with the University of Kinshasa and the University of Lubumbashi, assuming its present identity as the University of Kisangani. Its president is Professor Dr. Toengaho Lokundo.
Inorganic chemistry plays a large role in the development of chemical methodologies targetting sustainable development goals such as clean energy (7), responsible consumption and production (12), and climate action (13). Catalysis, one of the 12 green chemistry principles, is ubiquitous across industry. Green chemistry developments in catalysis focus on the utilization of base metals or main group species in place of current precious metal systems. Research in this area requires a holistic approach, balancing ligand design, additives, solvent, and energy consumption in order to improve the sustainability of the system while maintaining high efficiency. The inquiry-based and gamified activities described herein are designed to integrate individuals into the green chemistry community, build confidence in green chemistry content, and explore discipline-specific applications. The activities were applied at the 2025 Canadian Chemistry Conference and Exhibition across two symposia, "Peering into the Mist" and "Exploring Green Catalysis". Similarly, two activities were implemented into a third-year inorganic chemistry course exploring green chemistry. Activity outcomes and insights are described, including commentary on challenges such as classroom silence and its relationship with student motivation.
Although Chronic Hand Eczema (CHE) is associated with substantial humanistic burden, treatment patterns and economic impact are poorly understood in the USA. Therefore, this study characterized real-world treatment patterns and economic burden among patients with moderate to severe CHE in the USA. US claims data (01/2016–04/2024) were used to identify adults with moderate to severe CHE. Treatments were assessed post-diagnosis, with patients stratified into non-mutually exclusive cohorts on the basis of eczema/dermatitis-related treatment received. Eczema/dermatitis-related healthcare resource utilization and costs were descriptively reported while on treatment. In total, 6295 patients with moderate to severe CHE were included (mean age: 48.2 years; 63.8
Growing evidence suggests that first-line (1L) treatment with high-efficacy disease-modifying therapies (HE-DMTs) may have greater clinical benefit in multiple sclerosis (MS) than delaying HE-DMTs to second- or subsequent-line (2L+) therapy. However, MS treatment is often initiated using an escalation approach, involving initial treatment with low- to moderate-efficacy DMTs followed by escalation to HE-DMTs in the presence of new disease activity or disability worsening. Ocrelizumab is a HE-DMT approved for the treatment of relapsing and primary progressive MS, but real-world outcomes of ocrelizumab as a 1L vs 2L+ therapy are not well characterized. Real-world data from people with MS (pwMS) receiving treatment at four centers in the USA were analyzed. The effectiveness of ocrelizumab when administered as 1L or 2L+ treatment was compared for up to 60 months in follow-up. The primary outcome was time to confirmed disability worsening (based on Patient-Determined Disease Steps [PDDS]). Secondary outcomes were time to requiring a walking aid (PDDS ≥ 4), annualized patient-reported relapse rate, and magnetic resonance imaging measures (e.g., brain volume and number and volume of new T2 lesions). A total of 403 pwMS (1L n = 309, 2L+ n = 94) were identified. Overall, pwMS who received 1L ocrelizumab experienced less confirmed disease worsening (25.8
Purpose:Antipsychotic (AP) medication adherence is important for the management of schizophrenia. This study thus aimed to evaluate prescriber- and patient-level characteristics and long-acting injectable (LAI) treatment use among patients with schizophrenia to determine the association between these factors and AP adherence. Patients and methods:Adult patients with schizophrenia in the United States were identified from Komodo Research Data (01/01/2016-06/30/2023). Patients were required to have been initiated on an oral or LAI AP (index date) during the intake period (07/01/2021-06/30/2022), by a provider who prescribed APs to ≥6 patients with schizophrenia over the intake period (index prescriber). Providers were characterized using quartiles of the proportion of LAIs over all APs prescribed during the intake period (non-LAI prescribers; Q1: low, ≤8.5% LAIs; Q2-3: intermediate, >8.5% and <27% LAIs; Q4: high, ≥27% LAIs). Adherence to any AP (proportion of days covered ≥80%) was reported over the fixed 12-month follow-up period, and factors associated with adherence were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression. Results:In total, 22,255 patients were included (mean age: 40.9; male: 66%; Medicaid: 76%). At index, 82% and 18% of patients were initiated on an oral AP or LAI, respectively, with 10%, 21%, 47%, and 22% of index APs prescribed by non-, low-, intermediate-, and high-LAI prescribers, respectively. Prescription of the index AP by an intermediate- or high- LAI prescriber was associated with 39% and 63% higher odds of adherence, respectively, relative to non-LAI prescribers (both p<0.001). Prescription of an LAI versus oral index AP was associated with 25% higher odds of adherence (p<0.001). Patients of all racial/ethnic minorities had lower odds of adherence relative to White patients (all p<0.050). Conclusion:Adherence was higher among patients treated by high-LAI prescribers, indicating that familiarity with LAI treatment and awareness of adherence challenges may improve adherence rates among patients with schizophrenia.
