The University of Abou Bakr Belkaïd (Arabic: جامعة أبو بكر بلقايد) is a university located in Tlemcen, Algeria.It was created by the 1989 decree and has eight faculties distributed around several poles across the wilaya of Tlemcen..
In this study, a series of eight thiophene derivatives were synthesized in two steps: the first based on Gewaldreaction, followed by formylation using the Vilsmeier-Haack-Arnold (VHA) method. The structure of the compounds obtained was confirmed by comprehensive physicochemical and spectroscopic analyses, including MS, NMR, and IR.The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their potential in various therapeutic areas. In vitro anti-diabetic activity was assessed by alpha-amylase inhibition assay, while anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using the egg albumin and BSA denaturation method. Among the tested compounds, derivatives 4f and 4b showed significant anti-diabetic activity, with IC50 values of 34 mu M and 35 mu M, respectively, outperforming acarbose (IC50= 58 mu M). The other compounds also exhibited alpha-amylase inhibition comparable to that of acarbose. Regarding anti-inflammatory activity, compounds 4 h and 4d demonstrated remarkable effects, exceeding those of sodium diclofenac (160 mu M and 170 mu M, respectively). The safety profile was assessed through a hemolysis test using human erythrocytes. The results indicated a low percentage of hemolysis, suggesting good tolerance and no significant toxicity at biologically relevant concentrations. Based on in vitro biological results, compounds 4b, and 4f were selected for an in silico study, including molecular docking analysis (with d alpha-amylase (PDB ID: 4GQR)). Docking results highlighted the high affinity of these compounds for their targets, with high negative binding energies and a significant number of stabilizing interactions, surpassing this of reference ligand (acarbose for alpha-amylase). Furthermore, ADME-Tox predictions showed that the majority of compounds respected the main rules of drug similarity, notably Lipinski's, with no predicted toxicity.
In this paper, the dynamic response of a mixed-spin (1/2, 3/2) bilayer graphene-like structure to a time-dependent magnetic field is investigated using dynamic mean-field theory (MFT). The dynamic equations are derived via Glauber transition rates and solved using Adams-Moulton and Romberg integration methods. The effects of Hamiltonian parameters on the system's dynamic behavior are thoroughly analyzed. The system exhibits various types of dynamic compensation behavior (P, Q, N, S, R, and L-type), each reflecting distinct magnetization reversal mechanisms under oscillating fields. Dynamic phase diagrams in the reduced temperature-magnetic field plane reveal both fundamental phases (F, P, C, NM) and mixed phases (C+P, F+P, F+NM, NM+P, F+C), along with reentrant transitions and multicritical points such as the dynamic double critical end point (B) and the dynamic triple point (TP). These findings highlight the rich dynamic behavior of the system and its sensitivity to external field parameters, offering insights into the design of tunable magnetic materials.
Date kernel is considered a waste product very rich in proteins, fibers and phenolic compounds with antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic properties. Oil was extracted from powdered kernels by hexane using Soxhlet. Physicochemical characterization was defined through index measurements, ultraviolet and gas chromatography. However, phyto-chemical composition was defined through total phenolic content, ultra high-performance liquid chromatographyand antioxidant capacity (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl / ferric reducing antioxidant power). The evaluation of the antibacterial activity was carried out by the method of diffusion on a disc with cultures of 18-24 h at 37 °C in sterile distilled water and the measurement of the inhibition zones with a ruler relative to seven reference strains from the Pasteur Institute. Hence, hexane-extracted date kernel oil exhibited acceptable physicochemical characteristics (9.25% yield), with the high content of oleic acid and a unique phytochemistry profile characterized by phenolic acids and flavonoids, suggesting good antioxidants properties. It showed significant antibacterial activity against Gram‑positive Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus and antifungal activity against Candida albicans ( ATCC 26790 ). Lastly, date kernel oil comprises an Oleic‑rich lipid matrix with bioactive phenolic constituents, which renders appreciable antioxidant and selective antibacterial effects featuring phytochemicals promising for functional food and natural antimicrobial purposes.
This study aims to examine the influence of entrepreneurial learning on entrepreneurial intention among students of the Department of (IESMS) at the University of Tlemcen, while assessing the mediating effects of self efficacy, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control within the framework of the Theory of Planned Behavior. A quantitative, non experimental research design was employed using survey data collected from 412 students. Data were analyzed through mediation analysis using Hayes’ PROCESS macro for SPSS (Model 4) to assess the direct and indirect relationships between entrepreneurial learning and entrepreneurial intention. The findings indicate a limited direct effect of entrepreneurial learning on entrepreneurial intention, whereas stronger indirect effects were observed through enhanced self efficacy, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. The results highlight the importance of experiential and transformative learning approaches in strengthening entrepreneurial motivation among students. This study may contribute to entrepreneurship education, higher education policy, and entrepreneurial ecosystem development by informing curriculum design and institutional support mechanisms in developing country universities. The originality of this research lies in integrating multiple psychological mediators to explain how entrepreneurial learning shapes entrepreneurial intention in developing country university contexts
INTRODUCTION:Optimal therapeutic control of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) depends on designing Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors (AGIs) with high potency. This study employs a rigorous computational approach to evaluate 1-deazapurine-derived ligands, examining their interaction modes and pharmacochemical attributes. METHODS:The methodology involves drug-likeness evaluation, molecular docking, and Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations to elucidate the thermodynamic stability of the complexes. A key feature is the integration of a detailed Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) analysis, demonstrating high consistency between computational rankings and established biological inhibitory profiles. RESULTS:The screening revealed that heteroaromatic rings and bulky aromatic moieties were critical structural determinants for potency. Among the screen compounds, 6-(2-hydroxybenzoyl)-3- (2-phenylethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine-5-methyl carboxylate (L14), 5-(furan-2-yl)-3-(4- methoxybenzyl)-2-phenyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (L11), and 3-[2- phenylethyl]-5-thiophene-2-yl-7-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (L4) stood out for their optimal binding affinities. In particular, L11 emerged as the most significant candidate due to its superior interaction energy and structural stability, directly reflecting observed biological trends. DISCUSSION:These results, supported by favorable ADMET profiles, provide a robust scientific rationale for these ligands as lead compounds for T2D management. While the computational insights are highly consistent with observed trends, further studies will address any potential limitations before progressing. CONCLUSION:This study establishes a solid methodological framework for future in vitro and in vivo experimental validation of 1-deazapurine derivatives as potent therapeutic agents.
