阿肯色大学

Leaders need diversity intelligence (DQ) to effectively manage all employees in the workplace but specifically, they need better knowledge, education, training, and behavior to lead protected class employees. This DQ scale was developed to help leaders assess their knowledge, education, training, and behavior towards protected class employees. This study sought to (1) advance DQ theory by developing and testing the DQ scale; (2) investigate the relationship between leaders’ knowledge and behaviors based upon validation of the scale. The qualitative results and the pilot study helped us to create the factors for the DQ scale that is comprised of three subscales. The quantitative results, using both confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis, validated the factor structure of the DQ scale.

Retailers struggle with late deliveries, thus motivating research to improve e-fulfillment performance. Studies have primarily investigated order processing and delivery individually but have ignored the interplay between these two e-fulfillment activities. The Theory of Swift and Even Flow (TSEF) provides a useful frame for examining the e-fulfillment process, yet it neglects important behavioral factors. We elaborate the TSEF using logic from the Queue-Length Visibility and Misperception of Feedback Dynamics perspectives to unveil how behaviors in order processing and delivery contribute to delivery performance. We analyze 11,241 orders from a major Vietnamese retailer using econometric methods informed by practitioner interviews. We find a concave relationship between order processing time (OPT) ratio (defined as the proportion of planned lead time consumed by order processing) and lateness. Late orders have OPT ratios exceeding 25% of the planned lead time, and they exhibit higher OPT variance. We also find a U-shaped relationship between OPT ratio and order delivery time (ODT); expediting deliveries mitigates delays until OPT ratios reach a threshold of 58%. Finally, we argue that workers and managers prioritize the processing of focused orders. Understanding behaviors in the e-fulfillment process offers insights that extend the TSEF, new research areas, and managerial implications.

Phylogenetic conflict—particularly hidden gene-tree discordance generated by incomplete lineage sorting (ILS)—is pervasive in multilocus and phylogenomic datasets, yet its consequences for nucleotide substitution model selection remain poorly understood. Modern molecular studies increasingly collect and concatenate large sets of independent loci sampled across distant and often poorly characterized regions of the genome, creating significant potential for heterogeneity when analyzed in combination. Here, we examine whether intra-alignment genealogical conflict can influence standard model selection procedures to favor parameter-rich substitution models even when sequences evolve under a simple substitution process. Through a series of in silico case studies, we simulated sequence evolution under the simplest rate-homogeneous Jukes–Cantor (JC69) model and generated concatenated alignments as mosaics of multiple loci, each evolving on its own gene tree drawn under the multispecies coalescent. Conflict was increased by manipulating conditions expected to elevate ILS and gene-tree heterogeneity and embedding progressively more hidden genealogies within alignments while holding total alignment length constant. Despite all data being generated under JC69, model selection frequently favored more complex models, with varying sensitivity depending on the number of taxa, the expected amount of conflict, and the specific selection criterion applied. A dominant pattern was frequent inclusion of among-site rate variation parameters (+ G4 and/or + I), and under extreme conflict, model selection increasingly favored richer substitution models (e.g., SYM, GTR). Broadly, our results showed that hidden conflict can manifest as substitutional and rate heterogeneity, driving selection procedures to compensate with additional parameters in concatenated analyses under high conflict. Broadly, our study contributes to a greater understanding and appreciation of the challenges in modeling molecular evolution in the era of multilocus phylogenetics.

Recent research supports that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) improves both insomnia and depression symptoms. The primary purpose of the current review was to summarize potential mechanistic pathways linking insomnia and depression while evaluating how improvements in sleep via CBT-I may lead to reduced depressive symptoms. The current literature supports that there are several potential biological, behavioral, and cognitive-affective mechanisms, including improved hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and inflammatory functioning, behavioral activation, and emotion regulation, that may explain the antidepressant effects of CBT-I. Critically evaluating the potential mechanisms by which CBT-I improves depression (e.g., HPA-axis, inflammatory, behavioral, and emotional processes) will inform future efforts to enhance the overall effectiveness of CBT-I in patients with comorbid depression. Specifically, it will identify specific mechanisms that can be the focus of more targeted interventions or strategies to streamline CBT-I in patients with depression.

Billions of tons of mine waste are generated globally on an annual basis with a market worth of potentially billions to trillions USD when historic wastes are considered. This study reports the first investigation of clay-dominant mine waste associated with twentieth century mining of an Au–Ag intermediate-sulfidation epithermal system in Tonopah, NV. Sample investigation via SEM–EDS and XRD documented quartz, feldspar, R3 illite–smectite and minor biotite, chlorite, and kaolinite. Trace barite, galena, pyrite, and sphalerite were also identified. Bulk element abundances determined via ICP-MS of sampled wastes are consistent with derivation from the Au–Ag sulfidation system hosted within Tonopah’s Miocene-aged volcanics. Samples were enriched in Ag, As, Au, Cu, Pb, and Zn relative to these volcanics, consistent with trace mineralogy observed and the variable partitioning of some of these elements into galena (PbS), pyrite (FeS2), and sphalerite ((Zn,Fe)S). Relatively low specific surface areas of select samples are consistent with the abundance of quartz and clays, and thus in their current form these wastes are unsuitable for recycling within ceramic production contexts. Recycling these wastes for Ag and Au may be feasible but they are at best low grade. While a toxicity characteristic leaching procedure was not conducted, the presence of potentially toxic elements (e.g., As, Pb) warrants further investigation. Future work which aims to reprocess this regions' mine wastes should therefore evaluate the mobility and (bio)availability of these elements.