University of Bihać

Abstract We present an approach to visualization and sonification of the graph coloring algorithm proposed in Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science (Crnkić et al. 2020). The algorithm seeks to solve the graph coloring problem using collective motions of coupled oscillators. Our visualization and sonification techniques relate a color wheel and wheel of rhythms to ensembles of coupled oscillators. The proposed approach has various interpretations within the framework of several physical and mathematical theories. Being very flexible, this framework can be adapted and used for generation of audiovisual patterns with potential applications in gamification and multimedia engineering. We present a number of media examples illustrating our method and its potential extensions, and exploring the interplay between colors and sound.

Kinesiology, as the scientific study of human movement, has undergone substantial conceptual and structural changes over the past decades. According to Mraković, kinesiology is defined as an empirical, experimentally based science that studies the laws, principles, and patterns of controlled and purposeful physical activity and its effects on the human organism. This definition highlights the scientific and systematic nature of the discipline. The aim of this review paper is to examine the development of kinesiology in the 21st century, with particular emphasis on its paradigm shift from a practice-oriented field toward an interdisciplinary scientific discipline. The analysis is based on foundational and contemporary literature, including empirical and systematic studies . The findings suggest that kinesiology has evolved into a comprehensive field integrating biological, social, and behavioural sciences. Modern kinesiology focuses on health, performance, and human development, addressing global challenges such as physical inactivity and chronic disease. The discipline is increasingly recognised as a central scientific framework for understanding human movement in the 21st century. The review further demonstrates that the future development of kinesiology will depend on interdisciplinary collaboration, methodological standardization, international scientific cooperation, and the integration of emerging technologies such as wearable sensors, artificial intelligence, motion analysis systems, and precision exercise medicine. These developments position kinesiology as a central scientific discipline for addressing contemporary challenges in health, human performance, and physical activity across the lifespan.

Aronia is known for its medicinal properties due to its unique chemical characteristics, which are influenced by various factors, including growing conditions, soil quality and harvest time. Like most fruit species with high water content, aronia has a low caloric value. The specific composition of aronia may vary slightly in different ecological conditions due to influencing factors. The research included the most common aronia variety Nero, at three different growing locations: Mostar (Gornji Jasenjani), Bugojno and Kupres. The research results indicate that the average height and width of the Nero variety fruit was the highest at the Kupres location with 10.92 mm and 12.01 mm, and the lowest at the Mostar (Gornji Jasenjani) location with 9.19 mm and 10.02 mm. The chemical composition of the Nero variety fruits varied at different locations. The Nero variety had the highest content of total sugars at the Kupres location (6.35%) and total acids (1.36%), while at the Mostar location (Gornji Jasenjani) it had slightly lower values of total sugars (5.59%) and total acids (1.06%). Regarding the content of dry matter, minerals and pH values, the Nero variety had higher average values at the Mostar location (Gornji Jasenjani) compared to Bugojno. The lowest pH value (3.45) was recorded for the Nero variety at the Kupres location. The results of morphological and chemical characteristics of chokeberry in different agro-ecological conditions indicate the potential for increased production of this attractive fruit species in the mountainous areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

This study aimed to determine the nutritional status and dietary habits of younger school age children and to assess the accuracy of parental perception regarding their children’s eating behaviours. A total of 300 children aged 7–11 years from northwestern Bosnia and Herzegovina participated in this cross sectional study. Nutritional status was evaluated using anthropometric measurements and age and sex specific body mass index (BMI) percentile curves. Dietary habits were assessed using an anonymous, adapted, structured questionnaire consisting of 24 questions, incorporating a 24-hour dietary recall and a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The questionnaires were independently completed by both children and their parents to assess self-reported dietary intake and eating behaviours. Overall, 60.6% of children were classified as having normal body weight, while 8.7% were underweight, 17.0% were overweight, and 13.7% were obese. According to dietary habits evaluated relative to the USDA MyPlate guidelines (USDA, 2019), 81.3% of children consumed breakfast daily, 69.8% had three meals per day, 52.9% consumed two or more servings of fruit, and 83.7% reported water as their primary beverage. However, 52.9% consumed only one serving of vegetables daily, 51.0% consumed less than 250 mL of milk per day, 69.3% had insufficient meat intake, and 46.7% consumed sweets and snacks daily. Statistically significant differences between children’s and parents’ responses were identified in 79% of the assessed items. These findings indicate a substantial discrepancy between parental perceptions and children’s self-reported dietary intake, emphasizing the need for targeted nutritioneducation programmes for both children and parents to support healthier eating habits.

Introduction: Ureaplasma spp. and Mycoplasma hominis are among the most frequently identified microorganisms within the female urogenital tract. Although they are often detected in asymptomatic individuals, their presence during pregnancy has been associated with adverse outcomes, including preterm birth, spontaneous abortion, and intrauterine infection. However, their exact clinical significance remains incompletely defined. This study aimed to assess their prevalence, bacterial load, and antimicrobial susceptibility among pregnant women. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed using routinely collected laboratory data, with no additional intervention. A total of 158 cervical swab specimens collected over a 7-month period were included in the study. Identification, quantification, and susceptibility testing were carried out using the Mycoplasma IST3 system. A bacterial load threshold of ≥104 CFU/mL was defined as clinically relevant. Statistical evaluation was conducted using the Chi-square test. Results: Out of 158 samples, genital mycoplasmas were detected in 39.9% of cases. Ureaplasma spp. represented the most frequently isolated organism, while M. hominis was identified less often and predominantly in mixed infections. The majority of positive specimens demonstrated bacterial concentrations ≥104 CFU/mL. Overall, isolates exhibited high susceptibility to most tested antimicrobial agents, with resistance observed only to levofloxacin. Post-treatment follow-up indicated that persistence of infection was relatively frequent. Conclusion: These findings indicate that genital mycoplasmas are commonly present in pregnant women and may persist despite appropriate antimicrobial therapy. This emphasizes the importance of routine microbiological follow-up and careful selection of treatment strategies to minimize potential adverse pregnancy outcomes.