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Disparities in cardiac arrest survival persist across gender, race, age, disability, socioeconomic status, and geographical location in part due to unequal access to life-saving interventions such as bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and early defibrillation. Inequities in access to training, equipment, and local implementation may reinforce these disparities across the chain of survival. Current diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) approaches to disparities in resuscitation research often examine inequities in isolation, limiting their ability to explain how structural, social, and institutional factors interact to influence outcomes. To address these limitations, this concept paper proposes examining the chain of survival through an intersectional lens which considers Justice at the forefront of Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion (JEDI). Adding justice as an ethical principle aims to target these broader factors, and when combined with DEI efforts, may lead to a more comprehensive approach on examining inequities in resuscitation. Within the European Resuscitation Council (ERC), this intersectional JEDI lens provides a support for identifying inequities and barriers across both the chain of survival and the formula of survival, including medical science, educational efficiency, and local implementation, so that giving and receiving high-quality resuscitation becomes realistically attainable for everyone.
This study investigates craniofacial asymmetry and its correlation with the piriform aperture in macerated human skulls. Asymmetry, defined as deviation from bilateral symmetry in facial structures, is multifactorial in origin. Influences may be genetic, epigenetic and environmental. A total of 100 skulls from the Osteological Collection of the Faculty of Medicine in Sarajevo were examined in a prospective, randomized, quantitative-qualitative design. The most common piriform aperture shapes were consistent across sexes. Male skulls exhibited greater height of the piriform aperture (3.5 ± 0.3 cm) than female skulls (3.2 ± 0.3 cm), while width was similar. Strong correlations (p < 0.01) were found between piriform aperture height and surface area and between aperture width and surface area. Skull dimensions showed that male skulls were generally longer, while female skulls had a higher cephalic index. Male skulls showed a predominance of dolichocephalic and mesocephalic types in contrast to female skulls which were mostly brachycephalic and mesocephalic. Significant asymmetry patterns were observed. Male skulls with right-sided and female skulls with left-sided asymmetry were present. Correlations between piriform aperture dimensions and overall facial measurements were statistically significant. A high incidence of petalias (asymmetrical protrusions) was found, especially when it comes to parietopetalias (98
The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) plays a key role in immune defense by binding pathogenic peptides and presenting them to T cells, which coordinate the host’s immune response. MHC is both polygenic and polymorphic, making it a crucial genomic region in pathogen recognition and immune adaptation. Among the class I genes, Human Leukocyte Antigen-A (HLA-A), HLA-B, and HLA-C are the most frequently analyzed. HLA typing has advanced from serological methods to next-generation sequencing (NGS), which improves accuracy, throughput, and read length. However, challenges remain, such as incomplete reference genomes due to the complexity of the HLA region. MHC is strongly associated with infectious and autoimmune diseases, as well as pharmacogenetics. This study investigated SNPs in HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C in 60 COVID-19 patients with mild, moderate, and severe symptoms using NGS. The results were compared to the Single Nucleotide Polymorphism database (dbSNP), and statistical analysis revealed several SNPs with significant differences across symptom severity groups. Notably, SNPs rs2308527, rs1071817, rs1050518, and rs1065386 showed statistically significant associations and have been previously linked to hepatocellular carcinoma, moyamoya disease, cervical carcinoma, and diabetic retinopathy, respectively. These findings highlight the potential role of HLA variants in influencing COVID-19 outcomes.
Aim Many studies have demonstrated that over half of the World's population is infected with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). To evaluate the current H. pylori seroprevalence in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H), H. pylori antibodies (immunoglobulin G, IgG) from patients with suspected presence were analyzed. Methods In total, 201/471 (42.7%) males and 270/471 (57.3%) females were enrolled between June 2024 and July 2024. They were tested using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Results The overall seroprevalence of H. pylori infection was 214 (out of 471; 45.4%) and did not differ in relation to sex. The seroprevalence rate of H. pylori was highest in the 50–69 age group, 81 (out of 137; 59.1%; 95% CI: 2.2–5.6), followed by the ≥70 age group, 17 (out of 31; 54.8%; CI: 2.0–6.7), and the 30–49 age group, 101 (out of 219; 46.1%; 95% CI: 1.7–4.3). The lowest seroprevalence rate was in the younger age group (≤29) with 15 (out of 84; 17.8%). Older age groups were more likely to be H. pylori positive and equivocal, while younger age groups negative for H. pylori infection. Conclusion This single-center study is the first study providing information on the H. pylori seroprevalence in the B&H population and investigating its association with age and sex. Further research is needed to explore other risk factors and to develop effective ways to reduce the burden of this infection.
Bosnia and Herzegovina is rich in forest tree species that are characterized by significant resistance to high temperatures and consequences of climate change. One such species is Tilia tomentosa, which shows the presence of morphological characteristics that indicate an increased level of survival in Bosnia and Herzegovina—multiple bracts. The multibracteate linden has a potential for a greater intensity of linden seed dispersal. There is currently insufficient literature on the relationship of support between employees and managers of bosnian-herzegovinian forestry enterprises towards scientific discoveries, and it is not possible to assess the level of awareness of all employees in the sector about the importance of preserving multibracteate linden in forest ecosystems. It is unknown how Bottom-up monitoring of the conservation of multibracteate linden would affect additional measures to protect linden from excessive logging, which is why it is necessary to develop a questionnaire that would be forwarded to the managers and employees of forestry companies, in order to create a picture of awareness of the conservation of resistant species in forests complexes and to preliminarily determine the source of support for future activities that would potentially relate to special bio-technical measures. For this purpose, an anonymous questionnaire was developed.
