To explore the understanding of osteoporosis in the context of adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery with a focus on diagnosis, surgical risks, non-operative, and operative treatment techniques. A comprehensive literature search was performed. Articles were identified using the search terms “osteoporosis,” “adult spinal deformity,” “scoliosis,” and “spine surgery.” Relevant studies were selected based on their focus on the intersection of these topics with an emphasis on utility in spine surgery. This review discusses osteoporosis diagnosis, surgical risks, and non-operative, and surgical treatments in the context of ASD surgery with a focus on clinical applications. Areas for future growth are highlighted. As adult spinal deformity (ASD) patients increase globally, the Scoliosis Research Society (SRS) formed a task force to improve understanding of osteoporosis and its impact on this vulnerable population. This review brings together the latest research on the topic and highlights this area as one of critical importance and growth in the field.
Abstract Background Interventions that use nature contact to promote health and well-being exist at the societal/infrastructural level (incl. nature-based solutions) and the individual/group level (incl. nature-based therapies). One way nature-based therapies promote health is by fostering resilience to manage stressors. Nature-based biopsychosocial resilience theory (NBRT) provides a framework to explain how nature plays a role in how resilience-related adaptive resources are built and maintained but this has yet to be tested. Methods The current paper outlines a four-year multi-country (Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, the UK) research programme that tests the NBRT framework and explores how nature-based therapies can build and maintain individual and community resilience. As well as reviewing and mapping existing interventions globally, nine case studies across Europe are exploring how nature promotes resilience across: (1) whole populations (three case studies); (2) individuals at-risk of metabolic syndrome (three case studies); and (3) individuals with existing issues such as chronic stress, mobility challenges, or cognitive impairments (three case studies). Three case studies use longitudinal cohorts, five use randomised controlled trials, and one a practitioner shared-experience approach. The determinants and impacts of nature-based therapies are also considered beyond effects on individual participants, by assessing distributional issues (e.g., health equity), environmental impacts, financial implications, broader societal acceptability and engagement, as well as the barriers and enablers to successful implementation. In three specific case studies (Barcelona, Padua and Salzburg), this is done through multi-sectoral social innovation actions we refer to as ‘Resilience Hubs’. Results will be summarised in academic publications, a series of sector-specific guides, and an overall ‘What works’ guide for practitioners, policy makers, and the public. Discussion We use a novel theoretical framework to structure a research and innovation programme to inform the implementation of nature-based therapies across Europe and globally. Challenges include the integration of terminology and research practices from multiple disciplinary perspectives, participant recruitment and attrition, especially among marginalised groups, a potential lack of local stakeholder time and interest, potentially small effect sizes of time-limited interventions, and difficulties in identifying distinct causal mechanisms. Mitigation strategies are discussed. Trial registration Of nine case studies (CSs), five are intervention trials and have been registered: a) CS4 doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN74582097 (22.07.2024); b) CS5 doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN14169596 (10.06.2024); c) CS6 clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06622629 (30.09.2024); d) CS7 doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN93192592 (29.05.2024); e) CS8 clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06205940 (15.05.2024). All nine case studies have received ethical approval (see Declarations section).
To synthesize recent literature highlighting how and why adolescent boys and young men may face unique media-related psychosocial health risks and potential benefits. Adolescent boys and young men appear to demonstrate distinct media use profiles, including higher engagement with video gaming, masculinity-oriented and appearance-focused social media content, online communities such as the manosphere, and, more recently, generative artificial intelligence tools. For adolescent boys and young men, gendered digital environments intersect with developmental processes related to identity formation, masculinity norms, social connection, and risk-taking, with important implications for mental health outcomes such as depression, anxiety, body dissatisfaction, muscle dysmorphia, disordered eating, aggression, and social isolation. Understanding these distinct media use profiles may allow clinicians, educators, and families to develop tailored approaches for screening, intervention, and prevention, supporting healthier development for adolescent boys and young men.
Research suggests some individuals with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) have socioemotional deficits, typically characterized as reduced emotion recognition, difficulty with perspective taking, and increased apathy. However, the variability of these deficits across individuals and the pattern of impairments across the spectrum of social cognition have not been quantified in larger samples. The present study used multiple face-to-face and informant-based social cognition, neuropsychiatry, and personality measures to identify socioemotional changes occurring as a result of PSP. Data were collected from 287 individuals: 113 with early-stage PSP (Clinical Dementia Rating scale global score < 2) and 174 older healthy controls (HC). Though there was a high degree of individual variability, on average those with PSP had a pervasive pattern of deficits across tests of social cognition compared to HC, including emotion reading, social inferencing, theory of mind, and identifying and applying social behavior rules. Worse neuropsychiatric functioning was reported on both self- and informant-report measures, including increased depression, apathy, and anxiety. Changes in personality, including reduced conscientiousness, openness, and extraversion, from pre-morbid to current presentation were also found. Our analyses revealed that the social withdrawal typical of PSP is not simply a reflection of apathy or emotion reading deficits, but is directly correlated with the degree of the patient’s depression and self-reported sense of hopelessness. These results reveal more clinically significant socioemotional deficits and personality shifts in early-stage PSP than are generally recognized, and suggest face-to-face testing and informant reports of socioemotional functioning may provide critically important information to guide clinical care.
Musculoskeletal pain and mobility disability are common in older adults, but relationships among pain parameters and physical performance are poorly understood. We quantified the impact of different pain measures—recalled and movement-evoked pain—on walk and stair climb time in older adults from the Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA). In SOMMA (N = 879, age = 76.3 ± 5.0 years, 59
