This study develops a novel framework for carrying capacity assessment based on the historic centre of Dubrovnik, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. By involving residents, local staff, spillover dynamics and sentiment analysis, it advances traditional methodologies and offers a holistic approach to sustainable tourism management. The model strikes a balance between the development of tourism and the preservation of cultural heritage by taking into account overcrowding, infrastructure congestion and stakeholder tolerance. The scenario analysis provides actionable strategies to reduce congestion and increase resilience. In line with the UNESCO Sustainable Tourism Toolkit, this approach provides a replicable model for balancing tourism development with heritage conservation and provides practical lessons for other living heritage cities facing similar pressures.
The study aimed to verify the possible use of DFT calculation in the prediction of the orientation in electrophilic aromatic substitution. An activated ortho/para orienting substrate, and a deactivated meta orienting substrate, were used in DFT calculations using B3LYP, B3PW91, BPV86, CAM-B3LP, HCTH, HSEH1PBE, LSDA, MPW1PW91, PBEPBE, TPSSTPSS, and WB97XD functionals. The results showed that the reactivity of anisole can be adequately described considering charge control in reaction performed in hard conditions (nitration), while frontier orbital control can play a role in reactions performed in softer conditions (chlorination). Nitration of benzaldehyde can be rationalized through Hirshfeld charges analysis. Neither the frontier orbital nor Mulliken charges approach adequately account for behavior observed in chlorination of benzaldehyde. The effect of different basis sets was tested performing calculations with B3LYP functional and aug-cc-pVDZ, 6-311G+(d,p), aug-cc-pVQZ, DGTZVP, and LanL2DZ basis sets. For anisole, all basis sets provided a HOMO electron density distribution consistent with experimental reactivity; Hirshfeld charges analysis consistently reproduced the observed reactivity of anisole across all tested basis sets. All the basis sets were able to explain the observed reactivity of benzaldehyde in hard experimental condition, while they failed to give a correct description when a softer reagent was used.
Marine debris poses an alarming threat to ocean environments. Conventional methods of sea and ocean cleaning rely heavily on manual collection, a process that has repeatedly demonstrated its inefficiency and extensive demand for resources. This paper presents the SeaClear system, a novel multi-robot platform designed to autonomously detect and collect marine debris, thereby offering a more efficient solution to this environmental challenge. An overview of the system is presented, followed by a detailed description of each robot’s capabilities. Leveraging artificial intelligence, the system employs the deep-learning-based computer vision algorithm You Only Look Once (YOLO) for the detection of underwater litter, addressing the challenges of poor visibility and hydrodynamic disturbances of underwater environments. Additionally, the paper explores the implemented navigation and control methodologies, which are an essential part of the workflow of the system. The performance of the designed system is validated via field tests conducted in a real-world underwater environment. Finally, directions for future work are proposed.
Certain episodes from the dissolution of Yugoslavia are particularly propitious for the formation of contested memories. This paper focuses specifically on the narrative of a division of Bosnia and Herzegovina, allegedly orchestrated by the Croatian President Franjo Tuđman and the Serbian President Slobodan Milošević. This interpretation of the war in Croatia largely revolves around the meeting between Tuđman and Milošević in Karađorđevo in March 1991,where they reportedly discussed the partition of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The article conceptually frames this claim as part of the contested histories and memories regarding the dissolution of Yugoslavia. Empirically, it investigates how frequently and in what ways the unproven claim about a division of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the alleged Karađorđevo agreement appears in Croatian online media. Drawing on a corpus of articles from 22 outlets published between 2002 and 2025 and collected with the TakeLab Retriever tool, the study analyzes the frequency and stance distributions across outlets.
In this paper we deal with parametric, linear-quadratic optimal control problems in which the solution can be uniquely characterized by the optimal final time adjoint state. As a motivating example, we establish theoretical results showing that for distributed control of the heat equation, the manifold of final time adjoints over the parameter space exhibits a slow decay of its Kolmogorov width if this was already the case for the parameter-dependent target states. Traditional linear reduced-order models would thus require a large reduced space in order to guarantee a sufficient accuracy, making them inefficient in this application. To overcome the limitation of linear models, we discuss a nonlinear surrogate based on U-Nets that maps parametric fields to approximate final time adjoints. We show that a suitable a posteriori error estimator remains applicable to the U-Net approximation and can be used to certify the surrogate results. Through two extensive numerical experiments, we show the potential of the U-Net surrogate and compare it with several linear and nonlinear methods from the literature. The results show that the U-Net consistently achieves the highest accuracy among the methods considered while requiring significantly fewer training samples.
