夏威夷大学马诺阿分校（University of Hawaii at Manoa），隶属于夏威夷大学系统，是该系统的旗舰学校，为环太平洋大学联盟成员 。坐落于夏威夷的檀香山县的马诺阿山谷，距离檀香山市中心仅4.8公里。成立于1907年，面积为300英亩，可以提供学士、硕士、博士和第一职业等学位。学校总人数超过2万，学校现有本科生13952名，55%为女生，转学的学生占11%，国际学生占5%。教师1136名，83%有相关最高学位，师生比例为1：11。学生中选择最多的本科专业为商业/销售学、教育、社会科学和历史学。学校现有19个学院，包括建筑学院、地球科学技术学院、人文艺术学院、教育学院、工程学院等。该校图书馆（有Sinclair Library、Hamilton Library及其它学院专门图书馆）总藏书量达340万册。得益于夏威夷优美的自然环境，该校吸引了世界范围内众多的杰出科学家前往任教，具有极高的学术声誉，开设了87个本科学位、87个硕士学位和53个博士学位。夏威夷大学在2020年QS、TIMES和ARWU三大排行榜上均位于全美前百 ，属于世界一流的公立研究型大学。
The development of clean-label, dairy-free whipped cream is of growing importance for sustainable and allergen-free food development. Here, we investigate the synergistic effect of heat treatment (90 degrees C, 30 min) combined with high-pressure microfluidization (similar to 125 MPa; 3 passes) on the interfacial functionality, network formation, and aeration of faba bean protein isolate (FPI) in coconut oil-based oil-in-water emulsions. Notably, emulsions were stabilized exclusively by FPI without the incorporation of small-molecular surfactants, enabling evaluation of a purely protein-mediated interfacial system. Physicochemical, microstructural, and whipping performance properties were characterized before and after whipping and compared with unheated (UH), heated (H), and unheated-microfluized (UMF) controls. HMF (heated-microfluidized) significantly decreased droplet size and surface tension, indicating improved molecular unfolding and adsorption kinetics. SDS-PAGE revealed increased protein denaturation and disulfide-bond formation, suggesting the generation of protein aggregates that promote interfacial absorption and bulk network connectivity. These structural modifications translated into enhanced emulsifying activity, foaming capacity, and whipping efficiency. Following aeration, HMF-treated systems exhibited greater partial fat coalescence and reduced shape height loss, consistent with the formation of a stronger fat-protein-air composite network. Although rheology showed comparable viscoelastic moduli among treatments, whipping kinetics and structural stability were markedly improved by HMF treatment. Mechanical strength approached that of commercial dairy whipped cream despite the absence of low-molecular-weight emulsifiers. Overall, combined heating and microfluidization modulated FPI conformation and interfacial assembly, strengthening multiscale network formation and demonstrating a viable hydrocolloid-based strategy for protein-driven, plant-based whipped cream systems.
This paper estimates the welfare impacts of natural resources by analyzing Ghana’s offshore oil discovery and subsequent production. It finds substantial increases in real income, but no effect on consumption and poverty. The income effects are stronger for skilled workers. Estimates of the effects of oil discovery on employment show that employment in general increased by 4 percentage points. The positive employment effects are largely concentrated in non-oil local sectors: manufacturing and construction. The findings do not show significant impacts on employment in the agriculture and service sectors where a large proportion of individuals below the poverty line are engaged. This largely explains why the oil discovery had no effect on poverty reduction, as it benefited the non-poor rather than the poor.
Diabetes is a highly heritable risk factor for stroke, with many known genetic variants. The role of these genetic variants in cerebrovascular disease has not been studied in Kānaka Maoli (Native Hawaiian) populations. We aimed to determine if genetic predisposition to diabetes is associated with a higher risk of stroke in a Kānaka Maoli population. We conducted a genetic association case/control study using data from Kānaka Maoli participants in the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) study. Stroke cases were identified through health questionnaires and matched by age and sex at a 1:10 ratio. We modeled genetic predisposition to diabetes with a polygenic risk score that included independent genetic variants known to be associated with diabetes at a genome-wide significance level (p < 5 × 108). This polygenic risk score served as the independent variable in logistic regression models for both diabetes and stroke. A total of 440 Kānaka Maoli individuals were included (15
Over the past three decades, cetacean morbilliviruses (CeMVs) have emerged as significant pathogens affecting cetacean populations worldwide. Here, we report the genome sequence of a new CeMV, designated Fraser’s dolphin morbillivirus (FDMV), isolated from a stranded Fraser’s dolphin (Lagenodelphis hosei) in Hawaiʻi in 2018. Next-generation sequencing facilitated recovery of the nearly complete FDMV genome (15,685 bp), and annotation indicated a genomic organization similar to that of other morbilliviruses, including six open reading frames. Genetic analysis of the FDMV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene sequence showed 87–89.6
Martian carbonate-bearing rocks are compelling targets for exploration because they preserve detailed records of past aqueous processes, climate, and habitability. The Margin unit in Jezero crater is a distinct olivine- and carbonate-bearing unit stratigraphically underlying the western fan, lining the inner margin of the western crater rim and has a contested origin. Perseverance spent similar to 350 sols investigating the unit as part of its fourth mission campaign, aiming to constrain its origin, alteration history and biosignature preservation potential. This study reports on the lithofacies and stratigraphy of the unit by analyzing Mastcam-Z mosaics and derived 3D outcrop models, supplemented by long-distance SuperCam observations and detailed textural analyses from SHERLOC WATSON and ACI images. We find that the Margin unit comprises two distinct sub-units. The Eastern Margin Unit (EMU) comprises well-stratified, low-angle basinward-, rimward- and sub-horizontally inclined medium-grained sandstones which preserve angular to rounded grains, occasional cross-stratification, convex-up bedding, and erosion surfaces. The Western Margin Unit (WMU) comprises distinctly structureless to decimeter-scale parallel-layered rocks which drape the crater rim and are inclined into the crater. The origin of the WMU is uncertain but may be most consistent with a variably carbonated olivine cumulate. The favored depositional model for the EMU is a lacustrine shore zone environment where sediments derived from the adjacent WMU have been locally reworked by wave action along a paleoshoreline at around -2,400 m elevation. These observations suggest that the Margin unit preserves diverse subsurface and surface aqueous environments and further extends the habitability window at Jezero crater.
