The University of Kordofan (Arabic: جامعة كردفان ) (informally Kordofan University) is one of the largest universities in Sudan located in El-Obeid 560 km to the southwest of Khartoum. It was founded in 1990 and is recognized as one of the top universities in Sudan. It features several institutes, academic units and research centres, including the Institute of Gum Arabic Research and Desertification Studies, the Centre for Intermediate Technology in Agriculture and a Deanship for Scientific Research and Postgraduate Studies. It is a member of the Federation of the Universities of the Islamic World.
INTRODUCTION:Vaccination against the human papillomavirus (HPV) is an effective way to avert cervical cancer. However, acceptance in Morocco remains inadequate. The aim of this study was to measure the prevalence of parental HPV vaccine refusal and the risk factors associated with it. METHODS:Between 3 March and 30 September 2025, a multicenter cross-sectional survey was conducted among Moroccan parents of girls aged 11-14 who attended health facilities. The study looked at sociodemographic factors, knowledge regarding HPV and cervical cancer, and vaccination attitudes. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for vaccination refusal. RESULTS:The research included 1,444 participants with an average age of 37.7 ± 6.6 years. Of them, 415 refused HPV vaccination for their daughters, resulting in a prevalence of 28.7%. Vaccine refusal was substantially related to higher educational levels, lower income, less faith in the healthcare system, less knowledge about cervical cancer and its symptoms, and insufficient information regarding the HPV vaccine as seen by the media. Refusal was also associated with a poor perception of the seriousness of HPV infection, fear of vaccinating daughters, noncompliance with past vaccination schedules, difficulties accessing health centers, and a lack of recommendations from healthcare professionals. In contrast, refusal was inversely associated with parents who were uninformed of the proper number of vaccination doses or uninformed regarding the availability of the HPV vaccine at health centers or who feared the vaccine may cause an adverse reaction. CONCLUSION:Parental refusal of HPV vaccination is still a substantial obstacle. To increase acceptability and enhance cervical cancer prevention in Morocco, it is critical to expand communication strategy, boost public knowledge, and assure active participation of healthcare professionals.
This systematic review synthesizes evidence on biomechanical fracture thresholds of the tibia and fibula under axial and multi-axial loading. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library identified six studies, including experimental cadaveric, computational, and material testing investigations, comprising 72 postmortem specimens and validated finite element models. Outcomes assessed included axial force, bending moments, failure load, stress distribution, and fracture patterns. Results indicate that tibial fracture thresholds range from ~7.5 kN in female specimens to 11.3 kN under combined axial and bending loads, with fibula contribution increasing axial tolerance by ~10%. Variance and confidence interval measures were not reported in the included biomechanical studies; therefore, findings are presented descriptively. Multi-axial loading consistently reduced fracture tolerance compared with isolated axial loading, and fracture resistance was influenced by specimen gender, load duration, and biomechanical methodology. Risk of bias ranged from low to moderate across studies. These findings provide clinically relevant benchmarks for injury prediction, preclinical testing, and orthopedic device design, emphasizing the importance of multi-axial assessment in understanding lower-limb fracture mechanics.
Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) continue to represent the foremost cause of death and disability worldwide. Data regarding CVD risk factors in Western Sudan is limited; therefore, the current study seeks to investigate this problem in Western Sudan. Methodology: We conducted a prospective descriptive study, carried out at El-Obeid Teaching Hospital, which is located in North Kordofan State, Sudan, from July 2026 to September 2026. The sample size encompasses all patients admitted to the coronary care unit, besides those reviewed in the cardiology outpatient clinic with a preliminary diagnosis of CVDs in the designated time frame. Results: This comprised 119 patients aged 17 to 90 years, including 36.13% males and 63.86% females. Of the 119 participants, CVD was found in 73.9% of patients. The most commonly reported CVD risk factor is a positive family history (65.9%), followed by physical inactivity (46.5%), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (32.9%), and hypertension (31.8%). Conclusion: The most prevalent CVD risk factors in Western Sudan are a positive family history of CVDs, T2DM, and hypertension. These findings mandate substantial efforts toward adopting protocols for the early screening of at-risk families, as well as timely diagnosis and management of CVD risk factors.
Introduction:Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a major microvascular complication of diabetes, is increasingly implicated in systemic vascular dysfunction and may contribute to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Microvascular injury is a recognized mechanism in AD, and DN-related damage may raise the risk of cognitive decline. Methods:Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we searched PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library (2000-2025) for studies on DN-related vascular damage and cognitive outcomes. Quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the AXIS tool. Results:Of 275 records, nine studies were included (cross-sectional and longitudinal, with up to 37.5 years of follow-up). DN was measured via eGFR, albuminuria, the fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio, or ICD codes; cognition via assessed using amyloid PET, neurocognitive tests, or registry data. All studies found that impaired kidney function was associated with a greater risk of AD or cognitive decline. Conclusion:Available evidence links DN-related microvascular damage to a higher risk of AD, suggesting a kidney-brain axis. However, causality remains uncertain and requires longitudinal and mechanistic studies to clarify these pathways.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a major public health challenge, with clinical manifestations and risk-related behaviors influencing disease progression and transmission. A retrospective cross-sectional hospital-based study of the socio-demographic characteristics, clinical profiles, treatment patterns, and behavioral risk factors among 196 people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in El-Obeid city, with a complete response rate of 100% (total coverage). Data were analyzed and processed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 23.0, and Microsoft Excel 2010, and results were presented using tables and figures. The majority of participants were aged between 26 and 45 years. Male participants constituted 56.1% of the study population. Almost all participants-initiated ART immediately after diagnosis. Nearly half of the participants reported suffering from chronic diseases. TB was the most prevalent comorbidity, affecting 50% of those with chronic conditions. Sexual transmission was identified as the primary risk factor, accounting for nearly 60% of infections. Approximately 15% of respondents reported having more than three sexual partners. HIV/AIDS among PLWHA is associated with low condom utilization the first time they had sex, multiple sexual partners, alcohol consumption, early sexual debut, substance abuse, and socio-economic vulnerability.
