It was established in 1985 as the sixth college of the University of New Hampshire.
A magnetic heliknoton is the three-dimensional counterpart to the two-dimensional magnetic skyrmion, and serves as a pivotal topological soliton for extending topological magnetism into three dimensions. However, its experimental realization remains elusive. Here we report the controlled nucleation of a magnetic heliknoton in the chiral magnet FeGe at zero magnetic field, achieved through nanoscale current-pulse excitation. By combining angle-dependent quantitative electron holography with micromagnetic simulations, we resolve the three-dimensional spin texture of the heliknoton. In particular, the heliknoton exhibits current-driven collinear motion without the Hall effect. Our findings establish a readily accessible experimental platform for further exploration of three-dimensional topological solitons and highlight their potential for practical applications. Magnetic heliknotons are hopfions embedded in helical spin backgrounds. Current-induced nucleation and Hall-effect-free motion of isolated magnetic heliknotons is demonstrated in the chiral magnet FeGe.
The Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe (IMAP) mission is poised to revolutionize our understanding of two of the most central issues in heliophysics today: the nature of the interaction of the solar wind with the local interstellar medium (LISM), and the acceleration of energetic particles throughout the heliosphere. Here we focus on the anticipated contributions to this endeavor by measurement of hydrogen energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) that emanate from the solar wind–LISM interface region. ENA imaging allows us to remotely sense the structure and plasma characteristics of the heliosheath and the LISM just beyond the heliopause, and how these regions evolve in response to solar activity. These instruments, IMAP-Lo, IMAP-Hi, and IMAP-Ultra, cover energies from 10 eV to 300 keV with unprecedented angular resolution, energy resolution, and detection sensitivity. In this paper, we present the IMAP mission science specific to the study of the heliosphere/LISM interaction. We review what we have learned about the heliosphere interaction based on prior observations and theoretical studies. We then present the outstanding science questions that have consequently arisen and how IMAP plans to resolve them.
This review thoroughly evaluates natural ventilation (NV) as a sustainable building design approach for air quality improvement while energy consumption reduction. The research combines findings from multiple climatic regions to identify essential design principles together with architectural features and climate-specific modifications. The research combines architectural engineering environmental science perspectives to assess performance indicators which include air change rate, temperature reduction and energy savings. The paper evaluates recent developments in high-resolution computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling together with AI-driven real-time control and hybrid ventilation strategies while analyzing challenges that stem from environmental dependence and technical constraints and policy gaps. The research uses a systematic literature review method to achieve extensive coverage of traditional methods as well as newly emerging trends. The assessment evaluates economic and environmental variables through life cycle assessment and life cycle costing to guide better decision-making processes. The study presents a future-oriented technological innovation plan and implementation framework which serves as a unified guide for designers and engineers and policymakers who want to incorporate natural ventilation into climate-resilient occupant-centered buildings.
The payload of the Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe (IMAP) includes sophisticated in situ instruments to measure solar wind plasma and magnetic fields, suprathermal and energetic particles at 1 au as well as unprecedented remote sensing instruments to observe the energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) in the outer heliosphere and the ultraviolet glow of the interstellar neutral H interacting with the three-dimensional solar wind. This unique combination of sensors on a single platform allows connections to be made between the inner and outer heliosphere to an extent never before possible. This article focuses on the scientific theme of connecting the physics of particle acceleration and transport throughout the heliosphere. Such studies enabled by IMAP are organized into three broad categories: i) fundamental particle acceleration and transport processes, ii) heliospheric variability that affects those processes, and iii) inner heliospheric science.
ChatGPT has undergone extensive training, and several studies across various disciplines have examined its performance in generating accurate and reliable responses, reporting promising results. However, its effectiveness at delivering accurate answers in the domain of physical education (PE) remains unexplored. The current study sought to fill this gap by (a) assessing ChatGPT accuracy in answering a previously validated basketball Common Content Knowledge (CCK) test and (b) comparing the performance of five ChatGPT versions—4o, 4.5, o3, o4-mini, and o4-mini-high on that test. A comparative cross-sectional design was employed. First, each ChatGPT version was prompted to answer the basketball CCK test. The accuracy of their responses was then compared across versions using Cochran’s Q test. All five ChatGPT versions achieved high CCK scores ranging from 80.6
