Assessment frameworks do not capture the complexity of the social-ecological dynamics of small-scale fisheries (SSF), which support millions of livelihoods yet face persistent sustainability challenges. Reciprocal feedbacks between fish populations and fishers that are central to sustainability remain insufficiently integrated into assessment approaches because conventional fisheries management emphasizes population dynamics, whereas social-ecological systems research focuses on social drivers and faces operational challenges. We propose an integrative diagnostic approach that explicitly links fish population dynamics with theories of fisher behavior and governance. We illustrate its application using co-managed arapaima fisheries in the Amazon Basin, where sustainability emerges from multi-scalar social and ecological interactions. By capturing these feedbacks, the approach bridges ecological and social dimensions to identify key drivers of sustainability. It provides a replicable, interdisciplinary framework for diagnosing SSF sustainability and identifying leverage points to support adaptive governance across diverse contexts.
We apply social identity theory (SIT) within a culturally endorsed implicit leadership theory (CLT) frame to model how cultural values shape relationships between authentic leadership and follower outcomes. We use meta-analytic methods to test hypotheses with data from 292 studies drawn from over 40 countries, comprised of 100,641 individuals, and including 35 attitudinal, behavioural, and performance outcomes. Meta-analytic regression of cultural values coded at the country level reveals a significant pattern of moderation effects across 42.9% of the correlates we tested, suggesting that authentic leadership theory is culturally embedded. The effects of authentic leadership vary to the extent that it aligns with followers' sociocultural identities and actively interacts with the processes by which these identities are constructed and maintained. We provide a dynamic view of SIT, where leadership plays a critical role in shaping, reinforcing, or disrupting followers' social identities.JEL Classification: M12
Local scour around submerged hydraulic structures under ice-covered conditions poses challenges to infrastructure stability and sediment management in cold-region waterways. This study investigates how the geometry of submerged spur dikes and the presence of ice cover influence local scour. Through flume experiments and numerical simulations, we analyze channel bed deformation and flow patterns around submerged spur dikes with varying slopes (both frontal and rear) in open and ice-covered flow conditions. The study analyzes how smooth and rough ice covers affect the scour profile, flow velocity fields, and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) around the dikes. The results demonstrate that rough ice cover increases flow turbulence and local scour depth, with vertical wall dikes showing a greater maximum scour depth under rough ice-covered flow conditions. Notably, trapezoidal spur dikes, particularly those with a 30 degrees slope, reduce maximum scour depths by dispersing turbulence over a broader area and minimizing near-bed shear stress, as evidenced by the reduction in peak turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) compared to vertical wall dikes. Numerical simulations closely replicate these dynamics and uniquely identify the absence of secondary scour holes around trapezoidal dikes under rough ice cover. The developed empirical equations incorporate parameters such as ice roughness (ni/nb) and dike geometry, improving the accuracy of scour depth estimation compared to existing models by accounting for ice cover effects and dike profile configurations, offering enhanced tools for designing scour-resistant structures in cold-region waterways.
Habitat selection by reintroduced and remnant populations of wood bison (Bison bison athabascae) in the boreal forest are not well understood, especially in landscapes characterized by anthropogenic disturbance. Yet, this information is key for conservation planning for wood bison, a threatened species in Canada. We used data from GPS-collared bison in northeastern British Columbia to develop seasonal resource selection function models that quantified selection or avoidance of oil and gas infrastructure, as well as natural disturbances and other ecological factors. We predicted that bison would select a range of early seral habitat types including areas associated with linear features and industrial activities. Consistent with our predictions, resource roads were the most influential disturbance features associated with resource selection of GPS-collared bison during winter and summer. Across both seasons, bison selected for areas close to most linear disturbance features but avoided areas with relatively greater densities of linear disturbances. Bison may use linear disturbances as travel corridors or as foraging habitat, but there appears to be a threshold above which bison avoid these features. Conversely, bison selected areas closer to polygonal disturbances (e.g., well sites) in both seasons and selected areas with greater densities of these features in the winter. Overall, we found that bison selected for anthropogenic features associated with the oil and gas industry. Although these recently disturbed vegetation communities provide foraging habitat, they also lead to conflict with humans that may result in the mortality of bison. Mitigations such as restoring disturbed habitats to a natural state, management actions that discourage or prevent the use of anthropogenic habitats, and fostering a stewardship ethic within industry will improve human-bison coexistence on landscapes characterized by anthropogenic disturbance.
This study investigated the co-pyrolysis char of oily sludge and sawdust, without chemical activation, as an efficient adsorbent for treating emulsified oily wastewater, a challenging industrial problem. Pyrolysis was conducted at temperatures of 400–700 °C and feedstock mixing ratios (sawdust-to-sludge, 1:1–4:1), with the char obtained under optimal conditions (600 °C, 4:1) without chemical activation, yielding an adsorption capacity of 413.32 mg/g. The co-pyrolysis char showed substantially higher adsorption performance than oily sludge-derived char (86.91 mg/g), while exhibiting relatively better performance than sawdust biochar (388.52 mg/g). The char was subsequently modified via ball milling to enhance its adsorption properties, and its adsorption capacity increased to 538.36 mg/g due to increased surface area, pore volume, and functional groups, despite a reduction in hydrophobicity. Characterization revealed that a higher sawdust ratio in co-pyrolysis feedstock significantly enhanced the char’s porosity and surface area, while the adsorption behavior was mainly associated with pore filling, hydrophobic interactions, π-π stacking, and hydrogen bonding. The adsorption process was best described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm. This study addressed the dual challenges of waste valorization and emulsified oily wastewater treatment by developing a cost-effective solution that offers practical implications for industrial-scale applications.
