This paper investigates a computational study on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow, exploring solution structure and unsteady nature of thermal flows, in a rotating curved rectangular duct (CRD) incorporating the effects of Hall and ion-slip currents, motivated by the board range of engineering applications involving magnetic flow control, thermomagnetic devices, filtration systems and thermal transport in a rotating system. The spectral method serves as the main computational approach, supported by Chebyshev polynomials, Collocation techniques, and Fourier series expansions, to study non-isothermal flow behavior across varying magnetic field strengths (M). Steady curves are obtained and linear stability of the flows is examined. The findings indicate that the asymmetry in the flow structure becomes weaker, eventually transitioning to a symmetrical state as M increases. The flux decreases, the intensity of the axial velocity reduces and moves to the middle of the duct as M is increased, while the linearly stable zone gradually expands. Furthermore, the linearly stable flow regime expands significantly with the increase of the magnetic field strength. The results further identify a magnetic parameter Mc = 10.15 as a critical value beyond which the flow transitions to a fully stable state. In the unsteady regime, oscillatory and chaotic flow behaviors are progressively weakened, and the steady-state region becomes dominant for higher values of M. The Hall parameter (m) is found to enhance both flux and axial velocity intensity, whereas the ion-slip parameter (α) shows minimal impact on secondary and axial flows. Heat transfer effects remain relatively unchanged within the curved channel under MHD influence. Overall, the findings provide valuable findings on MHD flow dynamics, with potential relevance to various industrial and engineering applications.
In the Mediterranean region, temporary ponds (MTPs) are priority habitats hosting rare and endemic species significantly threatened globally. This research represents the first characterization of diatom communities of MTPs in Central Italy, coupling phytosociological surveys and physical and chemical characterization of water and sediments. We selected 3 areas and 13 ponds with different levels of protection. A total of 89 diatom species and 52 plant species were recorded. No significant differences in taxonomic and functional α diversity were observed among sites. Water conductivity was significantly associated with taxonomic richness. Functional α diversity showed significant correlation with several environmental variables, including conductivity, pH, sediment density, dissolved oxygen. Both taxonomic and functional total β diversity and turnover differed significantly among sites, in particular between Foglino and Castelporziano sites. RDA analysis based on vegetation as variable showed that the measured environmental variables explained 51.45
The Northern Aegean region preserves a complex deformation pattern shaped by Miocene extension driven by retreat of the Hellenic subduction system, later overprinted by Plio-Pleistocene transtension linked to the westward propagation of the North Anatolian Fault (NAF). Although numerous structural, geophysical and geochronological studies have been carried out in this area, key questions remain unanswered regarding (a) how deformation is partitioned along the western continuation of the NAF, (b) the timing of extension linked to slab rollback and subsequent transtensional faulting related to NAF propagation, and (c) the influence of structural inheritance during strike-slip reactivation of the older extensional structural grain. The islands of Lemnos and Aghios Efstratios, located between the two principal NAF branches (the North Aegean Trough and the Edremit-Skyros Trough), offer an exceptional natural laboratory for addressing these questions and for examining how the process zone of a transform plate boundary evolves through time. Our multidisciplinary data set reveals a two-stage tectonic evolution from the Early Miocene to the present. WNW-striking extensional fault zones associated with Hellenic trench retreat developed no later than Burdigalian-Langhian times (similar to 16 Ma) and remained active throughout the Miocene. The onset of the "Anatolian transtensional regime" occurred in the Pliocene (no later than similar to 5.9 Ma), exploiting a crust already stretched and mechanically weakened by earlier extension. This new strike-slip regime, imparted by the activity of major NE-trending Anatolian fault branches, generated ENE- to NE-trending right-lateral and NW-trending left-lateral strike-slip fault zones, and E-trending extensional fault zones, locally reactivating inherited WNW-trending Miocene deformation structures.
In this study, the potential of castor oil-derived heterocyclic compounds as green surfactants for mitigating the corrosion of XC48 carbon steel in 1 M HCl was explored. In addition, the surface activity and micellization behavior were studied using gravimetric techniques, showing that the compounds exhibited increased inhibition efficiency with increasing concentration, reaching an optimum near the CMC. Among the compounds tested, the heterocyclic compound 5-(ricinoyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thione (OXA) was found to be the most potent inhibitor of corrosion. Thermodynamic parameters, density functional theory calculations, and molecular docking studies also indicated efficient interfacial adsorption and a strong electron-donating ability, making the compound an effective inhibitor of biologically induced corrosion processes. In addition, the results obtained using the Box-Behnken design were consistent with the experimental results. Monte Carlo simulations further revealed pronounced adsorption of the compound on the Fe (110) surface.
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is present even during adolescence, and both victims and perpetrators may sometimes perceive it as justifiable. This study investigated gender differences in adolescents' justification of IPV and examined the role of gender essentialism. A sample of 710 cisgender, heterosexual adolescents completed self-report measures assessing justification of various violent behaviors and endorsement of gender essentialist beliefs. Boys were more likely to justify sexually coercive acts enacted by boys, whereas girls more often justified verbal and physical aggression enacted by girls. Gender essentialism was positively associated with all forms of IPV justification and mediated the relationship between participants' gender and IPV attitudes. These findings highlight the importance of addressing gendered beliefs in prevention programs targeting adolescents.
