Wind-speed records are concentrated in common operating ranges, leaving relatively few observations at the low and high ends of the distribution. This study proposes a Rarity-Aware Multi-Scale Gated Echo State Network (RMG-ESN) that combines three reservoir time scales, GRU-inspired state gating, and rarity-weighted readout fitting. Model selection uses three-fold expanding-window time-series cross-validation. Final performance is then evaluated on a 90-day offshore block divided into 18 non-overlapping five-day windows and a 28-day onshore block divided into 28 non-overlapping 24-hour windows. With the reservoir architecture held fixed, rarity weight ing increases offshore QR from 61.54% to 69.26% and reduces RMSE from 1.6658 to 1.2282; onshore QR increases from 68.50% to 78.58% and RMSE decreases from 0.7072 to 0.5235. In the benchmark comparison, CNN-LSTM-Attention has the lowest offshore RMSE, MAE, and MAPE, while RMG-ESN has the highest QR. Onshore, the two models have nearly identical mean RMSE; RMG-ESN has the higher QR, whereas the attention model has the lower MAE and MAPE. Percentile-stratified results vary by wind-speed band, but the controlled ablation shows the same direction of benefit from rarity weighting on both datasets.
Modelling the pumped response of an inflatable airbag wave energy converter (WEC) requires resolving interactions between deformation, hydrodynamic loading and pneumatic restoring forces under tendon and attachment constraints. This study develops a static-equilibrium and linear frequency-domain framework for axisymmetric pumped oscillations, linking each mean equilibrium to its dynamic response. Global generalised body modes incorporate linearised tendon inextensibility and attachment constraints, separating deformation coordinates from geometric resolution. Inter-tendon membrane compliance is represented through an incremental pressure–volume correction while retaining mean geometry and hydrodynamic coefficients. Representative convergence checks using eight flexible modes give normalised complex-response differences of at most 0.28% relative to ten modes. Across five mean states, absolute relative top-motion peak-period errors against measurements are 0.68%–5.71%. Including reference lobe compliance reduces the maximum peak-period error by approximately 35% relative to the same model without the correction, although amplitude and phase agreement remain state dependent. Increasing compliance lengthens peak periods over tested ranges, whereas increasing gore arc excess can reduce compliance and shorten them. Connected-air volume and lobe compliance act through a common effective pneumatic coefficient at a fixed mean state. The formulation links membrane properties to resonance adjustment and provides a basis for incident-wave and power take-off analyses.
Background Post-intensive care syndrome in paediatrics affects the physical, cognitive, emotional, and social health of children and their families. Although psychosocial interventions are increasingly advocated, evidence regarding their effects on parental emotional health after paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission remains uncertain. Objectives To determine the effects of psychosocial interventions on emotional health outcomes in parents of critically ill children within one year after PICU discharge. Research methodology and design This systematic review and meta-analysis included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating psychosocial interventions for parents of children admitted to a PICU. Five databases were searched from inception to January 2026. Eight RCTs were included, and all eight contributed PICU-specific data to at least one meta-analysis. Outcomes included post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, and stress. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool. Setting Studies were identified through searches of PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, and CINAHL from database inception to January 2026. Main outcome measures Parental PTSD, depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms assessed within one year after PICU discharge. Results Eight RCTs involving 470 participants contributed PICU-specific data to the quantitative synthesis. Psychosocial interventions were associated with small reductions in PTSD symptoms (eight studies, n = 467; SMD = −0.30, 95% CI −0.53 to −0.07, p = 0.017) and depression symptoms (seven studies, n = 448; SMD = −0.13, 95% CI −0.24 to −0.02, p = 0.029). The pooled effect on anxiety was not statistically significant (eight studies, n = 470; SMD = −0.08, 95% CI −0.28 to 0.12, p = 0.380). General stress was reported by one study and was not pooled. Conclusion Psychosocial interventions may produce small reductions in PTSD and depression symptoms in parents after their child's PICU admission, whereas the anxiety estimate remained compatible with benefit and no effect. Interpretation is limited by the small number and size of trials, variation in intervention characteristics, and risk of bias. Implications for clinical practice Accessible evidence-based psychoeducational support, distress screening with appropriate referral pathways, and planned follow-up may help address parental emotional distress after PICU admission. Registration PROSPERO: CRD42023396042.
Biomass-derived syngas offers a viable pathway for producing renewable, hydrogen-rich fuel gas. However, its conversion performance is influenced by feedstock type, temperature, feed rate, and moisture content. This study develops a Cold Gas Efficiency (CGE) model for four agricultural feedstocks: wheat, barley, oilseed rape, and beans. Temperature-dependent regression correlations are developed for the main syngas components and gas flow rate using experimental data. Results show that CGE is highly sensitive to temperature, with low-temperature stress (0-5th percentile) reducing mean CGE by up to 22%. High-moisture stress (95-100th percentile) produced an even larger decline, lowering mean CGE from similar to 44% to similar to 35% for wheat and compressing the distribution into a low-performance regime. Regression-based tornado charts indicate that temperature is the strongest linear driver (coefficient = +0.44), while Spearman rank correlations highlight feed rate as the most monotonic negative driver (-0.41). Feedstock probability density functions (PDFs) show that wheat as the most efficient and least variable performer, while Oilseed Rape (OSR) and beans exhibited broader distributions due to higher ash-related inhibition of char reactivity. The thermochemical and statistical results demonstrate that operational uncertainty, such as temperature and moisture, dominates CGE variability. This underscores the need for robust control strategies in small-scale pyrolysis systems.
For steady flow past a circular cylinder, analytical solutions can be obtained describing uniform flow and a stable pair of symmetric vortices. The latter approximates the viscous vortex flow at low Reynolds number, prior to the onset of vortex shedding. Herein, we employ the analytical F & ouml;ppl vortex solution to model idealised steady and unsteady heat transfer from a cylinder, and explore connections with viscous theory for this problem. We use numerical methods based on the combination of a streamline-tracing technique with operator splitting to obtain fast, accurate solutions of the convection-diffusion equation. Comparison between results from our model with those for viscous flows, based on geometric similarity criteria, show significant similarity at low Reynolds numbers, but exhibit systematic discrepancies at higher Reynolds numbers. This paper showcases important differences between viscous and inviscid heat transfer, and suggests the use of the simple F & ouml;ppl vortex case as a benchmark for numerical studies.
