Across many immigrant destination countries, recent immigration law enforcement has expanded in scope and salience, intensifying public debate over deportation, criminal punishment, and the treatment of immigrants in the criminal legal system. Drawing on focal concerns theory, the current study uses the U.S. as an empirical case and a 4 (country of origin: Syria, China, Russia, or Mexico) × 2 (crime severity: felony drug offense or misdemeanor trespassing) × 2 (possibility of judicial error: certain or uncertain witness) × 2 (legality: valid work visa or expired tourist visa) online survey experiment with a national sample of U.S. adults to examine public preferences for deportation and criminal punishment of immigrants arrested for non-immigration offenses. Results indicate that legality is significantly associated with both deportation and imprisonment preferences, and that respondents rely on overlapping considerations when evaluating immigrants’ deportability and criminal culpability. Although the uncertainty of evidence reduces imprisonment preferences, it has no effect on deportation preferences, suggesting greater public tolerance for errors and mistakes in the context of immigrant removal. Together, these findings suggest that punishment decisions involving immigrants are shaped in part by concerns about undocumented status, even when individuals are formally processed through the criminal legal system.
We have used k-resolved inverse photoemission spectroscopy to measure the temperature-dependent intensity of radiative transitions into unoccupied electronic states of Ni(110) along its ΓY¯ high-symmetry line in the surface Brillouin zone. Our measurements yield a strong temperature dependence of a transition into an unoccupied crystal-derived surface state. This temperature dependence weakens as the position of the state moves away from the Y¯ high-symmetry point. We use a Debye–Waller model to interpret the intensity attenuation of the direct transitions with increasing temperature. From our results of a transition into the sp-derived bulk state observed at ∼ 1 eV above the Fermi level, we estimate the effective surface Debye temperature of Ni(110) to be 240 ± 20 K.
There is much debate as to whether family firms are socially responsible; We believe the question can be informed by changes that occur in managerial priorities across the length of founders’ careers. Drawing on behavioral theories of intertemporal choice, we argue that temporal discounting causes CSR to vary systematically across three succession stages: successor identification, power sharing, and founder exit. CSR related to founder legacy increases when founders identify successors because its socioemotional benefits then become more near-term and salient; subsequently, however, it declines as successors gain influence during power sharing with the founder, and further after founder exit because for successors any CSR legacy benefits are temporally remote and thus more discounted. Evidence from 2,072 listed Chinese family firms supports this multistage transformation, especially among older and first-born founders, and among younger heirs, heirs with shorter tenures, and heirs without children. By viewing legacy concerns through an intertemporal choice lens, we show them to be time-contingent—shaping CSR differently across succession stages and thereby helping reconcile prior findings.
We investigate the impacts of disasters on investment for affected firms in China. We find that disasters have a significantly negative impact on the total investment of affected enterprises. The influence extends to investment structure, efficiency, and volatility. We further discover that the impacts are significantly linked to the level of disaster exposure. We analyze several mechanisms through which disasters can influence investment, including the risks associated with market volatility, fluctuations in labor costs, and challenges in securing credit. Technological and geophysical disasters are the main types that affect enterprise investment. The negative impact of disasters decreases over time and is observed in large-scale enterprises and those situated in the eastern regions of China. By examining multiple investment dimensions and testing three distinct channels, the current study offers a systematic account of how disaster exposure reshapes corporate capital allocation in an emerging market context.
The purpose of this study was to explore the photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP)—a fluoroquinolone—using a bench-top photoreactor equipped with energy-efficient UV LED (395 nm) light strips coated with a catalyst. The photocatalyst coating was synthesized by integrating a novel copper-based metal–organic framework (MOF) with titanium dioxide nanoparticles to activate both pollutant adsorption and photodegradation processes. Batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the catalyst’s (TiO2/HKUST-1) efficiency in degrading fluoroquinolone-type antibiotics as a function of the initial CIP concentration, catalyst concentration in the coating material, irradiation time, and system geochemistry, including temperature. The longevity of the catalyst, including potential leaching of metal ions from the catalyst coating, was examined under dynamic, flow-through conditions in the baffled reactor. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), initiated by the TiO₂/HKUST-1 composite, degraded CIP (C0 = 100 µg L−1) by > 95
