The University of Western Brittany (French: Université de Bretagne-Occidentale; UBO) is a French university, located in Brest, in the Academy of Rennes. On a national scale, in terms of graduate employability, the university oscillates between 18th and 53rd out of 69 universities depending on fields of study. Overall, the University is ranked 12th out of 76 universities in France.
Regulatory agencies are increasingly required to make decisions about the deployment of infrastructure such as 5G mobile networks under conditions of scientific uncertainty, making ecological evidence relevant to innovation governance. This paper examines public preferences regarding how regulators should commission and fund research on potential ecological impacts of RF-EMF on non-human organisms under conditions of uncertainty, rather than evaluating biological outcomes. It provides evidence linking socio-cognitive factors and institutional trust to support for regulatory research and alternative funding arrangements. A discrete choice experiment involving a UK sample (n = 969) compares voluntary donations with compulsory taxation as mechanisms for financing ecological research on RF-EMF, varying the organism studied, the value framing, the research setting, and the required contribution. Respondents reject the status quo of no research, express stronger stated support for projects conducted in natural settings and for research framed in terms of human health and economic benefits, while showing greater stated support for research on plants and fungi than on animals. Although stated willingness to pay did not differ significantly between the donation- and taxationbased payment mechanisms, institutional trust, perceived fairness, and the perceived plausibility of the funding arrangements were significantly associated with stated support for regulatory research. Cognitive risk perceptions show the strongest association with perceived ecological risk, while affective and moral concerns add explanatory power. The findings show how socio-cognitive and institutional factors are associated with public support for regulatory evidence-building and contribute to a better understanding of the governance of 5G innovation under conditions of ecological uncertainty.
Background: Translating individualized intervention goals into everyday family routines can be challenging. This mixed-methods feasibility study examined the use/adoption and parent-reported acceptability/social validity of visual goal sheets embedded within routine Early Start Denver Model (ESDM) care. Methods: Ten families in a French university-hospital ESDM program used visual goal sheets for up to 36 weeks across two naturally occurring cohorts. The clinical team developed the initial visual-support framework, which was refined through parent feedback. Use/adoption was summarized using each family's final available assessment. Acceptability/social validity was assessed with a project-specific questionnaire comprising 13 four-point items, with weekly scores averaged within families. Home-practice frequency was reported separately as contextual information. Open-ended comments underwent descriptive content analysis. Results: Eight families completed 36 weeks and two ended participation after 12 weeks. At their final available assessment, all ten families reported using the visual goal sheets at least weekly: five daily, four several times per week, and one approximately weekly. The mean participant-level acceptability/social-validity score was 3.6/4 (SD = 0.3). Qualitative findings described perceived improvements in clarity and recall, easier prioritization, integration into everyday routines, communication across caregivers and settings, reassurance and support, and contextual barriers. Conclusions: Participating families reported regular use and positive acceptability/social-validity ratings of visual goal sheets embedded within routine ESDM care. The small uncontrolled sample and reliance on parent-reported data limit interpretation. Future studies should distinguish the
International trade regulation under CITES is increasingly used as a market-based mechanism to conserve marine invertebrates, yet implementation of trade provisions remains heterogeneous across regions and taxa. This review evaluates the implementation of CITES Appendix II listings for sea cucumbers with a focus on the Indo-Pacific region. Using a structured review of published and grey literature, contextualised with export data, we examined the preparation of Non‑Detriment Findings (NDFs) and reported trade of sea cucumbers. We assessed the types of data, analytical depth, and technical guidance used in the development of NDFs among countries. We found substantial variation across CITES Parties within the Indo-Pacific region in the structure and evidentiary basis of NDFs, with some Parties relying on empirical stock assessments while others applied precautionary frameworks based on historical or qualitative information, reflecting differences in national context and capacity. For some CITES Parties, trade was delayed or banned, while in others it continued without complete CITES documentation. Despite these gaps, we identify cases where implementation of Appendix II requirements was associated with changes in fisheries administration, data collection or governance processes. These findings suggest that CITES processes can strengthen the administrative and institutional dimensions of national management when legal mandates are matched by scientific, technical, administrative and enforcement capacity, with adequate financial resources to support robust delivery of CITES provisions.
Granitoids and volcanic rocks of hybrid composition between mantle and crustal components are common in various tectonic settings and contribute to both the growth and differentiation of the continental crust. However, the mechanisms by which such hybrid magmas are produced are debated. We focus on a key lower crustal exposure of the Permian Sesia Magmatic System located in the Ivrea-Verbano Zone—IVZ, Italy, allowing to directly investigate the deep roots of a hybrid magmatic system. Integrating multi-scale field observations and bulk-rock data with zircon and apatite petrochronology (U–Pb dating, trace elements, Lu–Hf and Sm–Nd isotopes respectively), we show that lower-crustal orthopyroxene-bearing rocks associated to migmatites in a ‘frozen’ hybridization zone, correspond to hybrid cumulates from which melts were extracted to form upper crustal granitic plutons. Igneous zircon records at least three crystallization stages: (i) initial low-crystallinity hybridization phase at lower-crustal scale; (ii) subsequent chemical differentiation in a mush system, driven by reactive porous flow at the 102–103 m scale; and (iii) final crystallization after significant melt extraction and subsequent, smaller-scale (100–10−1 m) chemical equilibration. Apatite, on the other hand, is fully homogenized at the sample scale but chemical differences between samples preserve the first-order hybridization trends. While crustal-scale differentiation (melt extraction, transfer and cooling) took place in a short time span (ca. 2–4 Ma) as previously suggested in the IVZ, our zircon U–Pb data are permissive of the construction and equilibration of the lower crustal system over a longer period of ca. 15 Myr minimum. Our study also reveals the potential of accessory minerals, in particular zircon, to preserve the successive steps involved in the complex history of the lower crust, even at high temperatures.
PURPOSE:Ten years after the first Global Consensus on Keratoconus and Ectatic Diseases, this updated edition revisits key issues, incorporates advances in new technologies, and integrates the expertise of corneal and refractive surgeons from 12 international societies. This initiative aimed to establish a consensus among global ophthalmology experts, including corneal and refractive specialists from 6 continents, on the definition, diagnosis, staging, clinical management, and surgical treatment of keratoconus and ectatic corneal diseases. METHODS:The Delphi method consisted of 4 rounds of questionnaires, supplemented by a face-to-face meeting. A total of 128 ophthalmologists participated, with 3 main coordinators and 125 keratoconus experts distributed across 7 panels: definition/diagnosis/staging, clinical treatment and noninvasive visual rehabilitation, cross-linking for progression, and invasive visual rehabilitation (including therapeutic approaches, improved corrected distance visual acuity, keratoplasty techniques, and cataract surgery in keratoconus). The consensus threshold was defined as at least two-thirds agreement. RESULTS:A significant consensus was reached on topics such as definitions, diagnostic and progression criteria, and management strategies for keratoconus and other ectatic corneal disorders. A comprehensive approach was outlined, encompassing both nonsurgical and surgical treatments, organized in a group-based approach. In addition, major agreements and disagreements across the 7 subcommittees are outlined in individual tables. CONCLUSIONS:This updated Global Consensus provides revised definitions, expert statements, and recommendations for diagnosing and managing keratoconus and other ectatic corneal diseases. It benefits from broader participation, with more refractive surgeons and greater representation from major ophthalmic societies across 6 continents, capturing a wider range of global clinical perspectives than the prior report.
