For 50 years, the standard model of particle physics has been very successful in describing subatomic phenomena. In the past quarter of a century, this was challenged by a mismatch between its predictions and precision measurements of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, aμ. This disagreement was eventually reconciled, first through a determination in an ab initio lattice calculation1 of the most uncertain theoretical contribution, the leading-order hadronic vacuum polarization (LO-HVP), a μ LO-HVP , and subsequently by experimental results2 and updates of the reference standard-model predictions using lattice results for a μ LO-HVP (ref. 3). Here we present a new calculation for this crucial quantity, obtaining a μ LO-HVP = 715.1 ( 2.5 ) ( 2.3 ) [ 3.4 ] × 1 0 - 10 . This reduces the uncertainty by a factor of 1.6 compared with our earlier computation1. We use a hybrid approach that includes a small, long-distance contribution from experiments in a low-energy regime in which they all agree. Our approach combines the strengths of experimental and lattice data in different energy ranges, achieving better precision than with either alone. Our lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD) simulations are performed on finer lattices than in ref. 1, allowing for an even more accurate continuum extrapolation. Combined with the calculations of the other standard-model contributions summarized in ref. 3, our result leads to a prediction that differs from the recent measurement of aμ (ref. 4) by only 0.5 standard deviations. This provides a notable validation of the standard model to 11 digits.
Understanding patterns of adolescent political participation is essential for healthy democracies. Drawing upon data from Greek youth (n = 589, Mage = 15.1), this study (1) identified distinct profiles of adolescent political participation, (2) examined predictors of profile membership, and (3) explored transitions between profiles across a one-year period. Latent profile analyses uncovered three profiles that differentiated between their level of participation in both latent and manifest forms: 'informed enthusiasts' (90.3%), 'activists' (7.4%), and 'involved conventionalists' (2.2%). Political efficacy, national identity processes, political alienation, and perceived ethnic discrimination were predictive of profile membership. Our exploratory analysis revealed stable profile membership across one year. Our findings highlight the multifaceted nature of youth political participation and underscore the need to broaden its understanding in research and policy.
Different studies show that women are, on average, more interested than men in pornographic themes related to dominance and submission, including rape. Using a biopsychosocial approach, a total of 571 women, representative of age and education level, from Germany, were studied to explore the factors influencing the consumption of such pornography. Participants were experimentally exposed to either a consensual written pornographic stimulus or one dealing with rape, and their subjective (psychological) sexual arousal was assessed. Additionally, we investigated various traits encompassing societal influences (such as acceptance of rape myths and previous use of violent sexual pornography) and biological-evolutionary factors (including sex drive, K-factor, and the onset of menarche). Our research showed that both rape myth acceptance and sex drive significantly impacted reported sexual arousal in response to the different stimuli. Additionally, women who had previously engaged with violent pornography tended to exhibit higher arousal when exposed to a rape stimulus. Aside from sex drive, the other biological-evolutionary factors were not significant predictors. These results prompt a discussion within the context of influences on the consumption of rape pornography, such as socialization. Our interpretation does not support the notion that a minority of women engage in fast life-history strategies, as suggested by prior research.
Lern- und Leistungsemotionen spielen eine zentrale Rolle beim Erwerb von Lesekompetenzen und stehen in engem Zusammenhang mit frühen sozialen Erfahrungen wie der sozialen Integration. Angesichts rückläufiger Lesekompetenzen und des bislang geringen Forschungsstands zu Emotionen, insbesondere im Grundschulbereich, untersucht die vorliegende Studie die Entwicklung von Freude, Stolz, Angst und Ärger beim Lesenlernen sowie deren Zusammenhang mit der sozialen Integration in der Klasse im Anfangsunterricht. Im Rahmen einer quantitativen Längsschnittuntersuchung wurden N = 487 Erstklässlerinnen und Erstklässler an bayerischen Grundschulen zu zwei Messzeitpunkten im ersten Schulhalbjahr mit dem Achievement Emotions Questionnaire – Reading Early Elementary School (AEQ-REES) befragt. Das eingesetzte Instrument wies skalare Messinvarianz im Längsschnitt auf und auch im Cross-Lagged Panel Model erwiesen sich die emotionalen Konstrukte als zeitlich stabil. Darüber hinaus sagte eine höhere soziale Integration ein später stärker ausgeprägtes Erleben von Freude sowie ein später geringeres Erleben von Ärger voraus. Die Befunde werden im Hinblick auf praxisorientierte Fördermaßnahmen zur emotionalen Unterstützung im frühen Leseerwerb diskutiert.
McKay's conjecture (1971) on character degrees was reduced by Isaacs-Malle-Navarro (2007) to a so-called inductive condition on characters of finite quasisimple groups [IMN07], thus opening the way to a proof of McKay's conjecture using the classification of finite simple groups. After [Ma07], [Ma08], [S12], [CS13], [KS16], [MS16], [CS17a], [CS17b], [CS19], [S23a], [S23b], we complete here the last step of a proof with an analysis of the representations of certain normalizers ${\mathrm N}_G({\mathbf S})$ in $G={\mathbf G}^F$ of maximal $d$-tori ${\mathbf S}$ ($d\geq 3$) of the ambient simple simply-connected algebraic group ${\mathbf G}$ of type ${\mathrm D}_l$ ($l\geq 4$) for which $F$ is a Frobenius endomorphism. To establish the so-called local conditions A$(d)$ and B$(d)$, we introduce a certain class of $F$-stable reductive subgroups ${\mathbf M}\leq {\mathbf G}$ of maximal rank where ${\mathbf M}^\circ$ is of type ${\mathrm D}_{l_1}\times {\mathrm D}_{l-l_1}$ with ${\mathbf M}/{\mathbf M}^\circ$ of order 2. They are an efficient substitute for ${\mathrm N}_G({\mathbf S})$ or the local subgroups in non-defining characteristic relevant to McKay's abstract statement. For a general class of those subgroups ${\mathbf M}^F$ we describe their characters and the action of $\operatorname {Aut}({\mathbf G}^F)_{{\mathbf M}^F}$ on them, showing in particular that $\mathrm{Irr}({\mathbf M}^F)$ and $\mathrm {Irr}({\mathbf G}^F)$ share some key features in that regard. With this established, McKay's conjecture is now a theorem stating $\textit{McKay's equality}$: For any prime $\ell$, any finite group has as many irreducible complex characters of degree prime to $\ell$ as the normalizers of its Sylow $\ell$-subgroups.
